---

 

N-n

 

---

 

na   part. thing; matter. Gramm: focusing particle usually following an interrogative pronoun. May also indicate that the speaker wishes to refers to a particular event or matter he has in mind. Hu na ude ho anenii? Who is the one who came to my house? No na aki pido nii? Where is the dog barking? Niika ala mi nii na miibiine nii? What happened to your hand? Si nii na? What (thing/matter) is this? Paro rone na da nii la khiikato. (Try to) count the number of hens! Siika luku si ne khiiniin na? What is the price of these shoes?

 

na   vt-r. to collect, esp. building materials, and bring them together in a particular place. Mo ude miidu pa hiila bije nalado.  He/she is collecting bamboos for building a house. Ngo ude nadu. I'm collecting building materials.

 

na   vt-r. to press with the hand.

 

-na   vsuff. absorbed. Gramm: derives an adjective with the basic meaning 'wholly occupied in the action indicated by the verb.

nabin   vt. (of a plural subject) to arrange/collect, esp. building materials jointly for the construction of a new house. Syn: nayin; nanii.

nabu-gombu   adj. 1. swollen, as of face. 2. pouting, as of a child.

nago   n. small sacred bamboo hut usually located near a *lapan, whose roof is made of split bamboos and finished with cane leaves during *Myoko festival. Serves as a ritual centre for a group of clans . nago peniin n. construction/reconstruction of a *nago .

nala   n. drain. From: Hindi/Assamese.

 

nalo   vt. to push down. Ant: nancha.

 
nalye   n. (of house structure) rafters (usually 20 or so per face). nalye lyata n. roof battens placed horizontally on the roofing structure (usually 2 or 3 on each face).

nama   n. (colloquial) your mother (contracted form of niika ama). Usage: Hari. Var: nane.

 

nampa [nam´pa]  vt-r. to push away.

 

nan [nã]   vt-r. to push.

 

-nan   vsuff. want to [do]; wish to [do]; feel like [do]ing. Gramm: desiderative verb suffix indicating that the subject wants or wishes to perform the action identified by the verb. Occurs before the tense markers. Molu apin diinando. They want to eat (rice). Ngo gari bunando. I wish to own a car.

nanbi   vt. to push something/someone on someone's else behalf.

nancha   vt. to push up. Ant: nalo.
 

nanche   vt. to break/divide something by pushing in between. Syn: nanche-naye.

nane   n. (colloquial) your mother (contracted form of 'niika ane'). See: nama.

-nanii [nani]  vsuff. tool; device; instrument. Gramm: Instrument nominalizer. Derives a noun indicating the instrument, device or tool by means of which an action is performed. Piidi miilun-nanii. Scarecrow. Abi-nanii. Swing. (Ngo) tiiko innaniipahe kontii bida. (I) gave just enough money for the journey.

naniin    n. collection esp. of building materials for the construction of a new house.

 

nanko   vt. to push something open (e.g. a door). Hagya mi nankoto. Push open the door! Syn: giiko.

 

nankhe   vt. to push something/someone forcefully or with anger.

nanniin   n. push; pressure.

nannge   n. 'palm', construed as a unit of linear measure corresponding to a hand-breadth, or the five fingers kept together.

nantin   vt. to close something by pushing.

-nanto   vsuff. [Do]! (imperative marker). Dipe mi taniia-nanto. Use the hoe for tilling!

nar [´nar]   vt-r. to borrow or lend something. Punyang kokii tiiko narbiinii hii abuje barchabiidoku. The money borrowed from Punyang has generated much interest.

narbi   vt-r. to borrow or lend something on someone else's behalf/for someone.

narbii   vt. to borrow

narbonii   n. one who helps in loans.

 

nar piichan   n. earthen pot in which a newborn is washed for the first time.

 

narnii [´narni]   n. lender. Syn: narpanii. 

 

narniin [´narnĩ]   n. borrowing.

narpa    vt. to lend. 

narpanii    n. lender. Syn: narnii.

 

narpaniin    n. loan

naru   1. n. smell; odour; scent. 2. adj. odiferous. naru nenkha 1. n. bad smell. 2. adj. odorous.

narun   n. fence (made of wood and bamboo), esp. around a bamboo grove. Encycl: wood species used for fencing are mostly Salix sikkimensis, Pyrus pashia, Ligustrum sp., etc. Fences are repaired every year in late November on a collective basis. Syn: dibii narun; sulu. narun denii n. fencing. See: sulu miitinii. narun miilyan vcn. to rearrange a fence. Ngo narun miilyandu. I'm rearranging the fence.

naspati    n. (Bot.) Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). Var: naspoti, nashpati. From: Hindi 'nashpati', Assamese 'naspoti'.

nasu   vt. to dance. From: Hindi 'nach'.

nayin   vt. to arrange/collect building materials for the construction of a new house together (or at the same time).

nii [´ni]  1. adj. what; which. Gramm: interrogative adjective of content. Often followed by focusing particles *na or *yu. Nii kheta mi no puridu? What book are you reading? Nii dukan hokii no papu riibii? From which shop did you buy eggs? 2. pron. what. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of content. Si nii (na)? What is this ? No nii miidu? What are you doing? Hogya taker mi nii lo menbiine? What was the leopard killed with? Si nii tarii ka lako? Which shirt is this button? Nii ude ho no Tallo mi kapato? In which house did you see Tallo? Syn: nii na, nii yu. Niiyu keda nii? What is [he/she] writing? 3. adv. where. Syn: niija. 4. interj. what? Usage: interjection used to express surprise. nii ... ho adj. in/at/to which (place). Gramm: interrogative adjective of content; locative or lative case. Nii ude ho no Tallo mi kapato? In which house did you see Tallo? nii ... hoka adj. of which (place). Gramm: interrogative adjective of content; genitive case. Siika apu si nii sanii hoka giinii? To which tree does this flower belong to? nii ... hokii adj. from which (place). Gramm: interrogative adjective of content; ablative case. No nii lemba hokii? Which village are you from? Nii dukan hokii no papu riibii? From which shop did you buy eggs? nii... hopa adj. for which (place). Gramm: interrogative adjective of content; purposive case. Siika blackboard si nii class hopa? Which class is this blackboard for? nii ... kii adj. of which. Gramm: interrogative adjective of content; possessive case. Siika lako si nii tarii kii. To which shirt does this button belong to? nii na si interj. what? what is it? nii ... pa pron. what for. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of content; purposive case. Inka ude atan si nii miiko pa yu? What are those houses for? nii te interj. what! Usage: interjection used to express irritation.

nii [ni] pron. you (sg.). Gramm: second person singular pronoun. All cases except nominative case. Usually do not occur alone, but suffixed by a case marker. See: no.

nii [ni]  part. I guess (that). Gramm: declarative sentence particle indicating that the speaker is not certain whether the information conveyed in the sentence is true. Bilo, ngunu Tanii miyu hii jarpinye kontii hepa siido dusunyatii nii. In olden days, we Apatanis may have been only about eight thousand people [by adding *nii, the speaker expresses uncertainty about the number].

nii  vt-r. to strike, thrust, shove against or prick,  often with head or horns.

-nii [ni]     vsuff. 1. one who [do]es (unspecified); [do]er. Gramm: subject nominalizer to a verb or adjective; creates nouns that denotes actors, agents or attributes of the action/quality indicated by the verb/adjective. Also used to construct relative or nominalized clauses. Pasunii atan. fighters; those who fight. Sii alyo byakhannii ano arledo. Overburn skin of cow is hard to eat/chew. Bije donii si narun miinii-nanii pa khekenma ke, bije iche melii-mehato. The bamboo lying here is not sufficient for erecting fence, manage some more (by searching around). Taki sii simi  kebiinenii. It was Taki who wrote it. Alyi hetenii sanii atan si giiyo-giichi giila donyado. The trees which have been uprooted by the wind lie around haphazardly on the ground. Ngo ami-michanii miyu kone kapato. I saw a blind man. Ii'nga hii anii ka akunii mi kalyaladu. The kid is waiting for her mother's return. Sunka Ziro ho chalanii miichi la ano heladone. Sunka was thinking very much of going to Ziro. Talyato la, Post Office noho pe donii kalamasu pe ha? Excuse me, do you know where the Post Office is? 2. See -niin. 3. Adjectivalizer. Gramm: adjective-forming suffix to a verb. Hime khenii. A crying child.   

-nii [ni]    vsuff. near; nearby. Gramm: directional suffix indicating that the action denoted by the verb is carried out near or nearby, or directed near or nearby. Ant: -sa.

niibo [´nibo]   pron. 1. which; which one. Gramm: selective interrogative pronoun. Niibo hii niika tarii. Which is your shirt? A: Inka milobo si hu na? B: Niibo? A: Who is that boy? B: Which one? Niibo yu moka lumyonii hii? Which one is the one reserved by him/her? 2. which; which one. Gramm: relative pronoun. Yo acho dotoku la, niibo mi diichiku henderlakuma. There are many kinds of meat, I don't know which one to eat. 

 

-niibo [nibo]    vsuff. the [do]er; the one who [do]es (specified). Gramm: subject nominalizer to a verb or adjective; creates nouns that denotes a specific actor, agent or attribute of the action/quality identified by the verb or adjective. Also used to construct relative clauses.  Giiniibo. The one who carries. Lanchan malo giiniibo ude. A house with a red roof (lit 'a house that bears a red roof').

 

niibyu   n. handloom. Syn: niibyu-tano. 

 

niida [´ni´da]   pron. when (in the future). Gramm: interrogative pronoun of time, used when the action or event is envisaged in the future. Molu niida akindo? When will they come? Bus niida harne yu ha? When does the bus leave? Niida Itanagar apa hendo? When do you plan coming to Itanagar? See: niido.

 

niido [´nido]   pron. when (in the past). Gramm: interrogative pronoun of time, used when the action or event refered to happened in the past. Mo niido ane? When did he/she come? A: Niika ala mi laniibo hu pe? B: Niido? A: Who was that man who shook your hand? B: When? See: niida. niido kii pron. since when.  Mo niido kii Ziro ho dudu? How long has he/she been living in Ziro for? (literally 'since when does he/she live in Ziro?').

 

niidu   n. utility; usefulness. niidu amaniihe pronphr. everything. niidu piidimapa advphr. of no use. Niidu piidimapa aduyo. Don't talk, it's of no use! niidunii n. 1. what is essential. 2. (in nominal or relative clauses or phrases) essential. Syn: niidu anii.

niihii [´nihi]   1. dem. which. Gramm: selective interrogative demonstrative. Often followed by focusing particle *na. Niihii pen? Which pen [is it]? 2. pron. which (one). Gramm: selective interrogative pronoun. Niihii niika tarii? Which is your shirt? Niihii pe siika anyi ka room? Tell me please, which is your room? 

 

niihii-niiha   adv. hurriedly; speedily; swiftly. 

 

niiho   vt. to put or make a mark; to mark on. 

 

niija   See: nii. 

 

niija   interj. 1. just a moment; just a second; wait a minute. 2. show me. 

 

niijalo   pron. anything. Gramm: indefinite pronoun of content. A: Diigo-tango nyima sii ha? B: Biscuit hoi kendo aha? A: Niijalo hoi kendo ke. A: Haven't you got something to eat? B: Will biscuits do? A: Anything will do. 

 

niiji   adj. (of colour) indigo; dark blue. Var: niji. Syn: jiji. niiji abi n. traditional red and white cotton skirt.

 

niiji sanii n. (Bot.) Ghost Tree (Sterculia urens). niiji yanii n. leaf of the Ghost Tree, used in the beer fermentation process and in various rituals.Var : niiji anii .

 

niika [nika]   dem. your. Gramm: second person singular pronoun. Genitive case.

 

niika [´nika]   pron. what sort (of); what kind (of). Gramm: interrogative pronoun of content; genitive case.  Hii niika o? What kind of beer is that ?

 

niikii [niki]   pron. yours. Gramm: second person singular pronoun; possessive case. Siika kheta atan si niikii. These books are yours.

 

niikii [´niki]   pron. of what. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of content; possessive case. Hiika o hii niikii? What is that beer made of? (lit. 'that beer is made of what?).

 

niiko [niko]   pron. at yours (as possession, place of living, etc.) Gramm: second person singular pronoun. Possessive case. niiko  ho advphr. 1. at your place. 2. in your custody or possession. Niiko ho tiiko iche dokindo ha? Do you have some money (in your possession)?

 

niilo [´nilo]   pron. by means of what; with what. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of content; instrumental case.

 

niiman   n. leaf; grass in general. Usage: occurs in compounds only. See: niisin-niiman. 

 

niimi [ni´mi]   pron. you; to you. Gramm: second person singular pronoun. Accusative case. Lonyi-lohin kapyopa, ngo niimi kapato. I saw you a couple of days back.

 

niimi [´ni´mi]   pron. what; which. Gramm: interrrogative pronoun of content. Accusative case. No niimi kadu? What are you looking at?

 

niimin   n. (Anat.) placenta.

 

niimkane [´nimkane]   pron. how much. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of quantity (as size, amount, etc.). Does not provide information regarding a number of objects but regarding the size of a particular object, or the degree of a quality attached to it. Siitii hii niimkane kahene? How big/large was the elephant? Old Ziro hii, sokii la niimkane na adodo nii? How far is Old Ziro from here? Danyi niimkane doku? What is the position of the sun? niimkane...hiimkane pron. as (much)...as (in comparative statements). Ommo niimkane hargado Apa hiimkane hargado. Ommo runs as fast as Apa. Var: nekane.

 

niimpa [´nimpa]   pron. why; what for. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of reason. Var: niimop. Usage: Hija; niitepa. Usage: Hong. Mo niimpa amane? Why didn't he/she come? 

 

niimop   See niimpa.

 

-niin [nĩ]   vsuff. [do]ing. Gramm: nominalizer used to transform verbs or adjectives into nouns. Also used to construct relative clauses. Ngiika aki kapaniin hii pulumane. The dog that I saw was not white. Kolo ka tanyi liiniin si chadoku. The maize which was planted yesterday has sprouted. Var: -nii. Ngo, biilyo hime ako buduladonii kapato. Yesterday I saw one boy who was angry. School ho teacher ka lukonii mi ayapa tagegiito. Listen attentively to the teacher at school!

 

niinyi [niɲi]   pron. you two; both of you. Gramm: second person dual pronoun. Nominative case.

 

niinyika [niɲika]   pron. you two; both of you. Gramm: second person dual pronoun. Genitive case. Obing mi niinyika agin ho ingiihe. Take Obing along with you!

 

niinyimi [niɲi´mi]   pron. you two; both of you. Gramm: second person dual pronoun. Accusative and dative cases. 

 

niinyipa [niɲi´pa]   pron. you two; both of you. Gramm: second person dual pronoun. Purposive case.

 

niipa [ni´pa]   pron. for you; to you. Gramm: second person singular pronoun. Purposive case. See: no.  

 

niipa [´nipa]   pron. what; which. Gramm: interrrogative pronoun of content. Purposive case. 

 

niipu apin   n.  feast given to celebrate the arrival of a newborn baby. Var: niipo apin. Encycl: this event used to take place shortly after delivery in olden days. Nowadays *niipu apin can be given any time after childbirth. 

 

niipu   vt. to swallow without chewing. Syn: arnii.

 

niire   n. (Bot.) jute (Corchorus sp.). niire pulye n. gunny bag; sack. 

 

niiri piisa   (Bot.) Himalayan Hemlock (Tsuga dumosa), a variety of pine tree seen esp. in Talle forest. 

 

niirii   vt. to come across somone; to meet or find someone by chance; to run into someone. 

 

niirii   adj. adequate. niiriipa adv. adequately. Syn: niiriipahe/niiriipaye. Niiriipaye diigo do siido cho. (I guess that) there is adequate food available.

 

niisan   n. variety of plant on which cattle feed. Usage: occurs in compound. niisan-niiman n. plants and leaves on which cattle feed or which are used to feed cattle, in general. Syn: niisin-niisan-niiman; niisin-niiman.

niisin n. variety of plant on which cattle feed. Usage: occurs in compound. niisin-niiman n. plants and leaves on which cattle feed or which are used as food by cattle, in general. Syn: niisin-niisan-niiman; niisan-niiman.

 

niitan [´ni´tã]    pron. 1. how (feeling). Gramm: interrogative pronoun of condition. No siisi niitan do? How are you [feeling] now? 2. how (manner). Gramm: interrogative pronoun of manner. No so niitampa ah? How did you come here? No niitampa chindu? How do you know [it]? Danyi niitampa da? What is the position of the sun? 3. how (quality). Siika tarii si nitan do? How is this shirt? 4. what sort. niitampa pron. how; by what means. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of manner. Talyato la, Old Ziro chado koda niitampa pe chakindo nii? Excuse me, can you tell me how I can get to Od Ziro? 4. interj. What a...! Gramm: interjection used to express surprise and/or indignation.

 

niite   vi. to nap in a sitting position.

 

niitepa   See: niimpa.
 

niit hapa   adv. so much (lit. 'why so much'). Niit hapa ho! khekendo ke. So much! It's enough.

 

niitiisiirii   adj. (of a person) frank and open, though a bit on the slow side. Usage: conveys a slightly pejorative nuance.

 

niiyi   n. element of a loin loom, a weaving tool used for lifting warp threads to make a passage for the weft thread. Found immediately above the*pintu-nanii and below the *lobu .

 

niiyu   See: nii.

 

niiyu   vt. to pierce, stab or penetrate with a pointed object. 

 

no [no:]  pron. you (sg.). Gramm: second person singular pronoun. Nominative case. See: nii.

 

no   part. what about ... ? how about ... ? Gramm: final suggesting particle following nouns, pronouns or clauses, used to draw the addressee's attention to a particular object or person. Ngiika armyan hii Kano. Niikii no? My name is Kano. Yours? Spain, World Cup tuminkendo hiila ngiika agin ho ahetayi ha no? Will you make a bet with me that Spain is going to win the World Cup? koda no  part. What if? Ngo a koda no? What if I come? 

 

no [´no]   pron. (to) where. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of place; lative case. Usually indicates a direction, not a fixed position. No, no inpa? Where are you going?

 

noho [´noho]   pron. where. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of place; locative case.  Noho moluka duko do? Where is their sitting place?

 

nohoka [´nohoka]  pron. (to) where. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of place; genitive case. Inka miyu si nohoka du nii na? Where does that man stay?

 

nohokii [´nohoka] pron. from where. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of place; ablative case, referring to a source or origin. Ngo Hari lemba hokii. No nohokii na? I'm from Hari village. Where are you from? Mo nohokii ado? Where is he/she coming from? Biilyo luko-lumyomapa, siisi arta ho niimi nohokii tiiko labitalyi? You did not tell me in advance yesterday, from where shall I give you money now (instantly)?

 

nohopa [´noho´pa]   pron. 1. for where. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of place; purposive case. Inka abya si nohopa na baliigiidu nii? For where did you bring that ladder? 2. through where. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of place; perlative case.

 

nolo [nolo] pron.  by you. Gramm: second person singular pronoun; instrumental case. Kago nolo school ingiikochi hiila ludo. Kago insisted for being accompanied to school by you.  Hogya taker hii nolo menkone. The leopard was killed by you.

non   vt-r. to call, esp. a domestic animal (e.g. fowl) by making sounds or by whistling.

nosu [nosu]   pron. yourself. Gramm: second person singular reflexive pronoun.

nu [nu:]  adj. dark red.

nu    vt-r. to wash cloth. Tarii mi nula lala danyi ho apito. Dry the shirt under the sun after washing!

nu   vt-r. to mix by pressing; to knead.

nu   vt-r. to collect; to gather. 

-nu   vsuff. before. Gramm: manner suffix indicating that the subject acts before the object does in the action identified by the verb. Ommo, nyibyapatiika, ngiimi bus harnubiilyi ke. Ommo, hurry up, I'm going to miss the bus (lit. 'the bus is going to go before me').

-nu...-na   vsuff. with no benefit or advantage; in vain. Gramm: split result suffix indicating that the subjects acts in vain or to no effect, or that the result of the action identified by the verb is fruitless.

nubi   vt. to wash clothes on someone else's behalf/for someone.

nubi    vt. to collect clothes, grass, etc. on behalf of someone/for someone.

nubi    vt. to knead for someone.

nulyan   vt. to bring two things to an equal height; to equalize in height; to level. 

nulyan-nuda   vt. to gather things in good order; to tidy up. Diiri pachi simi uye nulyan-nudato. Tidy up your personal belongings!

nunu   pron. you (pl.); all of you. Gramm: second person plural pronoun. Nominative case.

nunuka   dem. your (pl.).

nunukii   pron. yours (pl.). Gramm: second person plural pronoun. Genitive case. Inka balu si nunukii hiila chindu ha? Do you know that garden is yours?

nunuko   adv. 1. at your (pl.) place. 2. in your custody or possession. Gramm: second person plural pronoun; possessive case. Nunuko mi du ha? Is there anyone at your place?

nunumi   pron. you; to you. Gramm: Second person plural pronoun. Accusative case. 

nunupa   pron. to you; for you Gramm: second person plural pronoun. Purposive case. 

nunusii   pron. yourselves. Gramm: second person plural reflexive pronoun.

nuyin   vt. (of a plural subject) to wash clothes together.

nya    vt. to point (at something). Niika lachi nyato. Point your finger!

-nya    vsuff. all. Gramm: verb suffix indicating that all of a plural subject perform the action denoted by the verb, or all of a plural object are affected by the action of the verb. Occurs before the negation, tense and continuous form markers. Molu kapyonyado. They are beautiful. Alyi hetenii sanii atan si giyo-gichi gila donyado. The trees which have been uprooted by the wind lie around haphazardly on the ground. Murun yasan mi ka rugunii yapa atan hii ayo iminyakuma. Those youths who are taking care of the firewood at a *murun do not sleep properly during the night. Construction labourers atan si achi apo khennyado. Construction labourers are working/toiling very hard.

-nya    vsuff.  completely. Gramm: manner suffix indicating  that the action denoted by the verb is carried out or finished in a complete manner.

nyabe   n. frown. nyabe bekin vcn. to frown at someone. Syn: nyabe bi. Ngiimi nyabe bekin'yo/nyabe biyo. Don't frown at me!

nyachu    n. (Anat.) lip. Var: yachu. Usage: Hija. nyachu paja nphr. cleft lip/hare lip. Var: yachu paja. Usage: Hija. ayo nyachu n. upper lip. akan nyachu n. lower lip.

nyade   adj. (of a speech) impolite; rude; ill-mannered; harsh. Syn: bakhe.

nyadu-nyabo   vt. to rebuff; to reject/refuse something or someone blunty; to snub.

nyago   n. (of pig, boar, etc.) snout. Alyi atan ka nyago hii ano alerdo.  Molu kiidi mi bulldozzer hiilyan durlado. Pigs  have very powerful snouts.  They can turn over the ground like bulldozers.

nyahii [ɲa´hi:]   n. term of reference for 1. daughter-in-law. 2. brother's son's wife. 3. sister's son's wife. 4. father's brother's son's wife/younger than the speaker. 5. father's sister's son's wife/younger than the speaker.

nyaje   vi. to have an expression on one's face as if one is about to cry. Nyajeyo, (ngo) sotegiichi ke. Put that face off, I'll take you for an outing.  

nyakin   vt. to point at something/someone in a demonstrative or ostensible way; to show something/someone by pointing one's finger at it/him. Traffic police, ngiimi stand daka board mi nyakinne. For me, the traffic policeman pointed his finger at a board on a stand.

nyalin    vt. to peep out.

nyalyan   n:num. ten years.

nyambun    v. to plunge/immerse one's head into the water. Var: nyambyun. Usage: Bulla.

nyambyun   See: nyambun.

nyampe   n. ritual element of sacrificial altars imitating the metal pin that is inserted horizontally to tie a male hair knot (*piidin) . 

nyampo tasin   n. (Zool.) river prawn.

nyan-    class. classifier for years. nyannge, nyannye, nyanhinnge, nyanpe, nyanngohe, nyankhe, nyankanuhe, nyanpinye, nyankoahe, nyanlyanhe. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 year(s).

nyan    vi-r. to poke one's head into or out something.

nyan [ɲã]  part. precisely; no other than; only. Gramm: particle following a noun or a clause and giving the overall sense 'precisely this/that one'. Molu, inka lanchan malo giiniibo ude ho nyan dudu nii. They live in that house with a red roof (and no other house). A: Lonyi-lohin kapyopa, ngo niimi, Taka agin ho, kapato. B: Oh. Ngiinyi classmate sii nyan.  A: I saw you some days back with Taka. B: Oh, we are classmates. Inka lanchan car mi kapado nyan an? Do you see that red car? Mo aku Tama nyan. He is uncle Tama. Mo aba mi giijema. Mo anii mi nyan tiida biilin giidoniin. He/she doesn't resemble his/her father. He/she is the exact replica of his/her mother. No kachinma po?  Mo Tubin nyan. Don't you recognize him? He is Tubin. India ka president hii nyiimii nyan. The President of India is a lady.

nyanha    vi. to poke one's head into or out something. Siika window so uye nyanhato. Poke your head into the window!  Var: nyanga.

nyanga   See: nyanha.

nyanngo    n:num. five years. Obing mi ka, kamijapa kamakuniin hii, ngo hendonii nyanngo duku do. The last time I saw Obing was, I think, five years ago. Syn: anyan-nyango.

nyanii   n. kin category comprising, for an individual, all affinal relatives who are regarded by him/her as classificatory maternal uncles (*aku) Encycl: the role of this group is seen as being basically protective, and the presence of its members is required on every important occasion. nyanii mida n. affines, relatives by marriage in general. milobo nyanii n. 1. husband's relatives. Along with *nyimii nyanii, this group of kinsmen is traditionally under an obligation to render a man assistance in emergencies. 2. sir, gentleman. nyimii nyanii n. wife's relatives; collective name for all people individually addressed as ‘*aku' (mother's affinal relatives); along with *milobo nyanii, this group of kinsmen is traditionally under an obligation to render a man assistance in emergencies.

 

nyankun    n:num. one year. Gramm: by enumerating only, i.e. without reference to a particular object., as in school. Otherwise *nyannge is used instead.

 

nyanne    pron. how many years. Gramm: interrogative pronoun.

 

nyannge    n:num. one year. Gramm: used for referring to a particular object. When enumerating, as in school, *nyankun is used instead.

nyannii    vt. to poke one's head close to someone or something.

nyanyi    n. honey. nyanyi aru n. honeycomb.

nyanyi   n. (Bot.) edible fungus of orange colour growing around bamboo nodes. Serves as an indicator for determining the maturity of the bamboo. Syn: bije nyanyi; subu nyanyi. .

nyanyin   n. fermented rice/millet solid mixture on which water is poured during the preparation of beer.

nyanya   adj. slow. Syn: nyanyo.

nyanyo   n. (Zool.) honey bee.

nyanyo   See: nyanya.

nyanyu   n. (Anat.) wrinkle under the chin; double chin.

nyapa   vt. to criticize something or someone; to disapprove; to express an unfavorable opinion of. 

nyar   vt-r. to cut a bamboo to sharpen it. Yakho khoye nyarto. Make one bamboo stick! [i.e. out of that bamboo stem]. Var: nya.

nyar   vt-r. to tread or step on.  

nyarkhu   n. sharpening residue (esp. bamboo splinters).

nyarta   vt. to crush or flatten something underfoot.  

nyatan   n. 1. snout; muzzle, as of an animal. 2. edge; tip; end. Syn: tubyu. 

nyatu [´ɲa:tu]   n. knife (esp. used in bamboo cutting) .

nyatu   n. resting/relaxing place. See: lampii. yasan nyatu n. resting  place along trails in the forest used when carrying firewood on the way to or from the house. 

-nye [ɲe]   num-r. two. Gramm: numeral root used for combining with classifiers to indicate two specimens of a collection of objects. Used to  specify a particular set. Subu dornye. Two mithuns.

nyekhan   See: nyikhan.

nyen   vt-r. to masticate food. Aki si alo nyendo. The dog is munching a bone.

nyenchi   adj. tasty; delicious. Syn: ngenchi. nyenchi-tiyi adj. delicious.

nyi    part. (we, you, they) two (dual marker). Gramm: postposition to a noun or a pronoun. Suffixes a pronoun. Tallo Tapu nyi abasiimane. Tallo and Tapu did not come together. Nanya niinyi ajin sii nyan an? Are you and Nanya friends? Mihi-Milo nyi pasudu hiila ude mi pudu-punyu pujabiine. A husband and wife quarrelled and completedly destroyed their house. Tara niinyipa hangii bagiiku ha? Did Tara bring anything for you two? Kadi la kako ho, nyachu ami nyi kapusiido. Their lips and eyes are similar if you watch them closely.

-nyi [ɲi]   num-r. two. Gramm: numeral root used for combining with classifiers to indicate two specimens of a collection of objects. Used in counting only (as in one, two, three...), without reference to a particular object. Lonyi. Two (days). Khonyi. Two (sticks).

nyi...nyi     conj. and (after nouns). Gramm: post-nominal conjunction used to link two nouns with the same grammatical function. Ram nyi Laxman nyi ngiika ajin. Ram and Laxam are my friends. Khu emo nyi mi niti emo nyi mi tadinsiito. Mix the old rice with new rice together into a single heap! See: lala.  

nyibo    1. n. non-kin person or person from a nearby place; outsider; stranger; foreigner. Nyimii hii nyibo pa, sanii hii kiidi pa. Female children are for strangers, just as tree leaves are for the soil. [Apatani proverb] 2. n. guest. Nyibo akho. Eminent guest/chief guest. nyibo ganda n. foreign/alien place. nyibo panii miyu nphr. opponent (in a fight); person against one in a fight; adversary; enemy. nyibo pasu vcn. to fight a battle, esp. referring to a large number of people; to wage war. Syn: gyambo pasu. 

nyibu    n. Apatani religious priest. nyibu bariinii n. assistant of a *Nyibu priest (unspecified). nyibu puniin n. last ritual performed by the priest at the end of a *murun in the house of the performer, after which the priest and his assistants are served with meals and offered with pieces of meat and cash. ago nyibu n. priest who assists the main priest (*ura nyibu) during the performance of a *murun. Syn: liipa nyibu. ura nyibu n. main priest officiating during a *murun. Syn: lapan nyibu.

nyibya    1. adj. fast; quick; immediate; prompt; speedy. 2. adv. quickly; soon. Kii, hiira nyibya kapasiisa ha. Ok, let's meet again soon. 2. adj. early. nyibyaja adj. 1. quickest; fastest. 2.  earliest. nyibyapa adv. 1. quickly. 2. early. Tam, nyibyapatiika. Tam, hurry up! nyibyaya adj. 1. quicker; faster. 2. earlier. nyibyayapa adv. 1. quicker; faster. 2. earlier.

nyibyo    n. first day following a ritual proscription/abstinence (*anyo).

nyihi tami haman   n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable.

nyikhan [ɲi´xã]   num. twenty. Var: nyekhan. nyikhan hela kone [ɲi´xã hela kone] num. twenty one. nyikhan hela anye [ɲi´xã hela ´aɲe] num. twenty two. nyikhan hela hinnge [ɲi´xã hela hĩŋe] num. twenty three. nyikhan hela piilye [ɲi´xã hela piɲe] num. twenty four. nyikhan hela ya'ngo [ɲi´xã hela jaŋo] num. twenty five. nyikhan hela khiie [ɲi´xã hela xie] num. twenty six. nyikhan hela kanu [ɲi´xã hela kanu] num. twenty seven. nyikhan hela pinye [ɲi´xã hela piɲe] num. twenty eight. nyikhan hela koa [ɲi´xã hela ko´a] num. twenty nine.

nyikinma    cop. there will not be. Gramm: negative form of the copulas *da, *do and *du; future tense. Dokun ho ajo nyikinma ke amin lo ka. There will be no use coming to the meeting. See: nyima.

nyikun dapo n. social justice; customary law.

nyima   n. enemy.

nyima    cop. 1. there isn't, there aren't. Gramm: copula negator; negative form of the existential verbs *da, *do, *du. Ude ho ami nyima. There is no cat in the house. Mokii aki nyima. He has no dog. 2.  no. Gramm: particle used for answering negatively to a polar question involving a copula. A: Arun-are so restaurant nyima sii ha? B: Nyima. A: Isn't there any restaurant around? B: No, there isn't. Var: niima. Ant: da, do, du. nyimane cop. there wasn't; there weren't. Gramm: copula negator; perfective aspect. School ho miyu kone heter nyimane. There was no one in the school. Syn: nyima doye. Ude ya kone heter nyima doye. There was no house.

nyime    name 1. Tibet. 2. general term for people living in higher altitudes; Tibetans. Ant: nyipa. nyime ilyo n. Tibetan sword. nyime kotan n. variety of metal bangle. nyime peron n. a particular type of small dark blue bead commonly used by Apatani women to make necklaces. Constitutes the main item of *nyime tasan. Var: nyime perun . nyime tasan n. necklace made of numerous rows of multicoloured small glass beads .

 

nyime yaru   n. rainbow.

nyimii [´ɲimi]   1. n. female human individual, in general; girl; lady. India ka president hii nyiimii nyan. The President of India is a lady. 2. n:qual. female. Ant: milobo. Gramm: qualifying noun following another noun. See: nyimun. iinga nyimii [i´ŋa ´ñimi] n. daughter. nyimii nyanii n. collective name for all people individually addressed as *aku (mother's affinal relatives). Along with *milobo nyanii, this group of kinsmen is traditionally under an obligation to render a man assistance in emergencies. nyimii la [´ñimi la:] vcn. to marry a woman; to take a wife; (of a man) to get married.

nyimo [ɲi´mo:]  n. (Anat.) face. Yana tabu-taru dado nyimo ho powder negiitolado. Yana rubbed some powder on her face that made her skin appear somewhat grainy.

nyimper   n. nipple; teat. Syn: anyin-nyimper. Etym: from *anyin, 'milk', *aper, 'pimple'.

nyimun [´ɲimũ]   n. 1. young lady, adolescent girl. 2. girlfriend. Si Tapu ka nyimun. She is Tapu's girlfriend/lover. See: yapa. nyimun miha n. lovers, sexual partners. nyimun miha sosuniin n. romance; love affair. Syn: musha. nyimun-mulyan n. adolescent girl. nyimun yapa n. young people; youth.

nyipa   n. general term for people living in lower altitudes; plainsmen. Ant: nyime. nyipa ilyo n. sword made in the plains or by plainsmen.

nyipa yaru   n. (Bot.) Azolla (Azolla pinnata), an aquatic floating plant.

nyitii   n. (Agr.) one of the three botanical varieties of maize traditionally cultivated by the Apatanis. See: tanyi; mire.

nyo   vt-r. to abstain from work or food due to religious prohibition or taboo.  Syn: anyo.

-nyo    vsuff. 1. practise. 2. habitually. Gramm: manner suffix indicating that the subjects practises doing the activity indicated by the verb, or performs the action indicated by the verb as regular practice/habit. 

-nyo    adj-r. small; small-sized. Gramm: adjective root suffixing classifier roots and certain noun roots. Dornyo. small, as of quadrupeds or four wheeled vehicles. Ant: -ro.

nyokhe   n. (Zool.) Black panther. Black variant of the leopard  species (Panthera pardus) .

nyoko tati n. (Zool.) Wood louse.

nyonii   n. abstinence/avoidance of food due to religious/ritual prohibition or taboo.

nyor   vt-r. to put the feet up and down on mud. 

nyu  vt-r. to skewer, as meat on a stick. 

nyu  vt-r. to extract or remove something, esp. from someone's body. Syn: nyupa.

nyu   vt-r. to wipe. Syn: tipa.  

nyupa   vt. to  remove/dig out something from the body. Siika tare mi nyupato pe. Please dig out this thorn for me! 

nyupa   vt. to rub or erase out.