halyan   adj. 1.  (of large surfaces) plain; level; flat. Syn: hapa. 2.  (of numbers, lengths, volumes, quantities, etc.) equal. Halyansiido. (They) are equal. Syn: ahin.

 

halyan piidin   vt. to carry astride on the shoulders (esp. a child). Usage: Hija. 

halyin   n. fourth lunar month of the year. Nowadays commonly used to refer to the month of April. Syn: halyin piilo.

halyin   adj. 1. (of woman) beautiful. 2. (of man) handsome. Syn: halyin-milyin.

haman   n. green vegetable; leafy vegetable, in general. A generic category comprising plants, either cultivated or wild, whose leaves are eaten by humans. Syn: haman sanii. Haman sanii pyuko ho? Where are vegetables sold? aji padii haman n. (Bot.) Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta), a plant of the mustard family (Brassicaceae) . akho haman n. (Bot.) Creeping Woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata). Usage: Dutta. Syn: o haman; khuyi haman . genda haman n. (Bot.) Redflower Ragleaf; fireweed (Crassocephalum crepidioides) Syn: halyan haman . giyan haman n. (Bot.) Cabbage leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) . hiibyo haman n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable . hiigu haman n. (Bot.) Japanese parsley (Oenanthe javanica). Var: hugu haman . hiika haman n. (Bot.) variety of edible fern. Syn: hiika . hiipe haman n. (Bot.) Elatostema platyphyllum, a green leafy vegetable collected from the forests. hiiro haman n. (Bot.) variety of eggplant (Solanum sp.) bearing roundish berries in small hanging clusters, possibly S. nigrum. hunyur haman n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable . khuyi haman n. (Bot.) Creeping Woodsorrel (Oxalis corniculata, lit. 'sour vegetable). Syn: o haman; akho haman . kochi haman n. (Bot.) Dandelion (Taraxacum sp.). Literally 'bitter vegetable". The leaves are eaten and have a bitter taste . kukulyu haman n. (Bot.) Artemisia indica, an edible herb enjoyed as a vegetable. Var: kuku lyolye haman . luli haman n. (Bot.) Nepalese Smartweed (Persicaria nepalensis) . mepi haman n. (Bot.) Greater plantain (Plantago major), a common weed . ngiilyan khiiko n. (Bot.) Centella asiatica. The leaves are either boiled or eaten raw with *pila. Also used as medicine for stomach disorders . nyihi tami haman n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable. o khuyi haman See: khuyi haman; akho haman. pachu koyu haman n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable. pakhu harbu haman n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable. pato haman n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable . pulu tayi haman n. (Bot.) Spiny Amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus) . raru haman n. (Bot.) Piper brachystachyum. Var: rari haman . sia haman n. (Bot.) Chameleon Plant (Hottuniya cordata). Var: siyan haman . tabu choka haman n. variety of vegetable (lit. 'snake spit'). tale haman n. (Bot.) variety of garlic (Allium sp.), possibly Chinese Chives (A. tuberosum). Usage: Hari, Bulla. Encycl: the word  'Tale Valley' is derived from that of this species that grows  abundantly there. Var: lepi. Usage: Hong, Hija. . tape haman n. (Bot.)  Tropical Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). Usage: Hari; Bulla; Hong. Var: epe haman. Usage: Hija . tayi haman n. (Bot.) Amaranthus spp. lanchan tayi haman n. (Bot.) Joseph's coat (Amaranthus tricolor). yorkhun haman n. (Bot.) Toothache Plant/Paracress (Acmella oleracea), a flowering herb whose small leaves are eaten .

hame    adj. coward; timorous; timid. Ant: haro. hamepa adv. cowardly. Ant: haropa.

han   vr. to seek information; to inquire; to ask questions. 

 

handa   vt. to seek information/inquire/ask questions the right way or correctly. Ant: hankha.

 

hane   pron. (of finger widths) how many. Gramm: interrogative pronoun used for a countable number of items. Arii hane podoku? How high has the horn grown (in finger widths)?

 

hane   pron. (of steps of a ladder, etc.) how many. Gramm: interrogative pronoun used for a countable number of items in a collection.

hangii   1. pron. something. Gramm: indefinite pronoun. In a negative sentence, gives the sense 'nothing', 'not anything'. A: Omo niinyipa hangii bagiiku ha? B: Hangiima. A: Did Omo bring something for you two? B: nothing. 2. adj. some. Gramm: indefinite adjective. In a negative sentence, gives the sense 'no x'. Hangii diigo-tango nyima sii ha? Have you got something to eat?

 

-hankiile [hã´kile]   vsuff. as (temporal). Gramm: Adverbial clause subordinating suffix combination added to verbs and adjectives, indicating a simultaneity between two actions or events. Var: -hankele. Usage: Hari, Bulla. Sarpu daka alyi supa hankele sarpu si sapidoku. The balloon got flattened as air was removed from it. Siika taru si tiitihankele barene. The rope broke as someone pulled it tightly. Omo mingohankiile aya bahi-balasiidaku ke. Omo has become very proudy after gaining wealth. Aliitotiika luhankele. I told you to put it in! 

 

hanka   vt. to seek information on; to inquire about.

 

hankha   vt. to seek information/inquire/ask questions the wrong way or uncorrectly. Ant: handa.

 

hanya   adj. (of a child) young. hanyaja adj. (of a child) youngest. Mo oho milobo hanyaja hii. He is the youngest son. hanyaya adj. (of a child) younger.

hao [´hao]  1. post. on. Gramm: locative postposition to a noun or noun phrase. Yo hii yo bade hao da. The meat is on the ceiling rack. 2. adv. up. Hao chato. Come up! Hao cha'nge. Go up (upstair, uphill, etc.)! hao ho [´hao´ho]  1. post. above. Gramm: locative postposition to a noun or noun phrase. Putu hao ho ude kone do. There is a house on the hill. 

-he/-ye   1. num-r.  one. Gramm: numeral root used for combining with classifiers ending with a vowel to indicate one specimen of a collection of objects. Used to  specify a particular object. Papu puhe/puye. One egg. See: -e; -nge. 2. part.  part; quantity; amount. Gramm: partitive particle attached to verbs, used to refer to a selection of a part (or quantity) out of a whole (or amount). Also suffixes classifier roots and certain numerals to form numerals when they occur associated with nouns. Tiiko innaniipahe kontii bida. Give just enough money for the journey. (Lit. 'give only the amount of money that is needed for going'). Pota taye. One sheet of paper. Alo lokanuhe. Seven days.

he    vt-r. to operate a lock, either to fasten or unfasten it.

he   vt-r. to knit; to embroider. Anyo sweater heladone. Anyo was knitting a sweater.

he   vt-r. to take from a recipient or serve food by using a ladle or spoon. Aping heto. Take/serve some rice [by using a spoon]!

he   vt-r. to sharpen something using a knife.

 

-he   vsuff. go and [do]! Gramm: Motion modal suffix attached to verbs having two or more syllables, used as hortative/imperative when the addressee, in carrying out the action identified by the verb, is moving away from the speaker. Often best rendered in English by 'Go and [do]!'. Yasan batehe. Go and fetch some firewood! Inka hagya mi miikohe. Open that door (which is located at some distance from both the speaker and the addressee)! Momi luriihe, kala-kapasiidu pa. Go and talk to him/her, so that you know each other! Tatu mi more ho ingiila yasan tagiihe. Take Tatu along with you to the forest and make him cut wood.

 

-he   vsuff. stuck. Gramm: Result suffix indicating that the action identified by the verb results in something getting stuck or caught.

heba   vt.  (of a plural subject) to blow together.

heba   vt.  (of a plural subject) to remove soil or dig out together. 

heba   vt.  (of a plural subject) to knit/embroider together. 

heba   vt.  (of a plural subject) to take/serve food with a ladle or spoon together.

heba    vt. (of a plural subject) to sharpen something together with a knife. 

hebin   n.  (Bot.) variety of bamboo.

hebin    vt. (of a plural subject) to remove soil or dig together/jointly.

hebo    vt. to blow along with someone.

hebo    vt. to take/serve food with a ladle or spoon along with someone.

hebo    vt. to remove soil/dig out along with someone. 

hebo    vt. 1. to embroider/knit along with others. 2. to help someone embroider/knit something.

hebo    vt. to sharpen something with a knife along with someone.  

hedu   n. pork intestines and fat, a special cut of meat from the pig sacrificed at *Myoko. Encycl: the eldest female representative of the  patrilineage (*uru) is entitled to receive this particular share of meat. It is viewed as a gift from the younger 'sisters" of the patrilineage towards their eldest sister (*ami akhaja). In olden days an oil was made from it, which the Apatani ladies used to apply on their long hair. Syn: pidu.

 

hedu   vt. to damage or destroy by blowing. Alyi piilyi hedubiine. The wind destroyed the hut.

hehu   vt. to stimulate (intellectually). hehu-miihu vt. to stimulate.

heko   vt. to dig a hole with the help of some levering tool or lever mechanism. Labourers atan si kiidi hekolado. The labourers are digging the soil.

heko   vt. to unfasten a lock. Ant: hepin.

-heku   vsuff. go and [do] now! Gramm: hortative/imperative suffix occuring at the end of the predicate suffix chain, attached to verbs having two or more syllables. Used when the addressee is moving away from the speaker in carrying out the action indicated by the verb, but giving a more abrupt and urgent sense to the order or request than the simple form in *-he.  Can be rendered in English by 'Go and [do] now!'. Obing mi lenda ho inriiheku. Go and meet Obing on the way now!

 

hela [hela]   conj. 1. and. Gramm: numeral conjunction. Alyan hela yango. Fifteen. Syn: le. 2. and; then. Gramm: conjunction used to link two verbs envisaged as two successive actions.  Ngo so apin diite hela ato. I came here after I had my meal (lit. 'I had my meal and I came'). Ayo yoye, Manu hende-hende hela, imitalyiku la biidi ako hempatii. One night, Manu kept thinking over and over, and as she was about to sleep she imagined a plan. See: lala.

hela [´hela]   adj. 1. clever; smart. Syn: piibi. 2. understanding; good-hearted; kind-hearted. Mo ano heladu. He/she is a very kind-hearted person. Tari ano helado. Tari is a very understanding guy. Syn: hela-kala. hela-miila adj. understanding; thoughtful.

helin-miilin   vt. to create; to invent; to fabricate.

helii   vt. to suppose; to presume. Syn: helii-henga.

helo [´he´lo]   vt. to forgive. Ngiimi helo pe! Please forgive me!

helo    vi.  to feel bad or disappointed due to someone's action or word.

helonii    n.  forgiveness. 

helya    vi. to be patient. 

helya   adj. gimp, as of a person.

helyan kada   vt. to look after; to take care of. 

helye   adj. cool, moderately cold (esp. referring to food).

helyu    vt. 1. to fail to think. 2. to forget.

hemba   vt. (of a plural subject) to think together.

hembo   vt. to think along with someone.

hembyan   adj. satisfactory.

hembyo    vt. 1. to like, to be fond of. 2. to yearn/wish for something.

heme   n. pauper; poor man.

heme   vt. 1. to swear; to take oath. 2. to promise.

hemi   vt. to hope for something; to expect to get something. Syn: hemi-kami.

hemin-henja    adj. having an intimate, open and honest attitude towards someone. 

hemo   vt.  to distrust; to suspect; to doubt.

hemo   vi. to rest. Syn: dumo.

hempa [hem´pa]   vt-r. 1. to think about something; to manage to think. Ayo yoye, Manu hende-hende hela, imitalyiku la biidi ako hempatii. One night, Manu kept thinking over and over, and as she was about to sleep she imagined a plan. 2. to remember. Syn: hempa-hempa. Siti pota bimajalo, ngunu henin kane, nunu hempa-hempatolyatiika. Though letters cannot reach you we keep you in our heart, do remember us. 2. to feel. Siisida kii la ngo ano renge hempa dane. Recently, I have been feeling really tired.

hempa   vt. to ignore. Syn: hempa-heya.

hemper [hem´pər]   adv. very. Siika putu si hemper biiledo. This mountain is very slippery. Niimi kapa lala ngo hemper hempyodo. I am very glad to meet you. Var: hempii. Usage: Bulla. Syn: henter.

hempu   vi. to be mistaken; to think wrongly. Ngo hempubiidu ke, Paris hii Germany kii mapa France ka capital ke. I'm mistaken, Paris is not the capital city of Germany but that of France.

hempu   1. vi. to think like someone. Ngiika ane hempu hokii henpama. No one thinks like my mother. 2. similar in thought. See: kapu. hempu-kapu adj. alike to; similar to.

hempun-henka    vi. to be confused. See: apun-aka. 

hempya    vt.  to cancel something/some work through thought.

hempyo [´hempjo:]   adj. 1. happy; delighted. Ngo niimi kapa lala ano hempyodo. I am very happy to meet you. 2. delightful; pleasant; auspicious. Anyan niti ka hempyo alo so .... In this auspicious day of the New Year.... hempyodopa mii vca. to please; to make someone happy. hempyoja adj. happiest, delighted. hempyopa adv. happily. Ngunu hii hempyopa apin diidu. We are happy to eat rice (lit. 'we eat rice happily'). hempyoya adj. happier. Arjinlyi ho ahu hii hempyoyado. One feels better when stretching one's body. hempyo-hempa adj. seemingly happy. Mo hempyo-hempa. He/she looks happy. Aya hempyo-hempa! interj. wow! incredible! Gramm: interjection used to express astonishment or admiration. A: Siilo lottery ho gari paji biine.  B:  Aya hempyo-hempa! A: Today I won a car in the lottery. B: wow! great!

hempyo   vi. to feel guilty.

hemur   vt. to think wrongly.

hemyo   vt. to plan. 

 

hen [´hẽ]   vt-r. 1. to think (that); to guess (that). Hiila pe hendo. I think so. Ngo hendo nii no miyu denki ako. I think that you are a good/nice person. Obing mi ka, kamijapa kamakuniin hii, ngo hendo nii, nyanngo duku do. The last time I saw Obing was, I think, five years ago. No ayimada Itanagar tone pe la hento nii, hiira tochinkiilyi po? I guess you have been to Itanagar recently, are you going again? 2. to think/worry about something. Anyo Ziro ho chalanii miichi la ano heladone. Anyo was thinking very much of going to Ziro. 3. to love or have affection for someone. 4. to plan on. Niida Itanagar apa hendo? When do you plan on coming to Itanagar? Var: hin. Usage: Hija.

henchi   n. (Bot.) variety of bramble bearing edible yellow berries, which, unlike *jimpu jilyin, are not arranged in clusters. Possibly Yellow Himalayan Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus). Var: henji.

henchi-heyi   vt. to think of something that is known to self, but unknown to others.

hencho   n. tickle. hencho mii vcn. to tickle.

henda   vt. 1. to recall something at a right time. 2. to think/guess/reason correctly. henda-henka vt. to guess.

hende-hende   vt. to keep on thinking about something again and again. Ayo yoye, Manu hende-hende hela, imitalyiku la biidi ako hempatii. One night, Manu kept thinking over and over, and as she was about to sleep she imagined a plan.

hender   1. vt. to understand; to get or make clear; to figure out. Hendersiidu ha? Is it clear?  Ngo henderlama I don't understand. Ngo, hu ya pe hiila henderlamato. I could not make out who he is. Yo acho dotokula, niibo mi diichiku henderlakuma. There are many kinds of meat, I don't know which one to eat. Biiso hendermapa. Without fear. 2. to remember. See: tader. Etym: from *hen, 'to think', *-der 'make clear'.

hendi [´hẽ´di]    1. n. good person; kind person; gentleman. 2. adj. a) gentle (mild-mannered, not stern, coarse or violent). b) considerate of others. c) righteous (of persons: virtuous, free from sin or guilt; of actions; morally good). Syn: hendi-miidi.

 

henga [hẽ´ga]   vt. 1. to bother/worry about someone or something. 2. to be concerned or troubled about something. henga-henkha [´hẽ´ga´hẽ´xa]   1. vt. to trouble; to annoy. Abu kela la niimi henga-henkhadopa miibitamasii ke. I will not trouble you by writing too long. Etym: from *hen, 'to think', *-ga 'much/a lot/often'. 2. vi. to be troubled; to be annoyed. Aya henga-henkha. I'm very much troubled.

henge    vt. to keep something in mind or in memory. Etym: from *hen, 'to think', *age 'to stick'.

hengii    vt. 1. to cause someone to think something. 2. to learn.

hengi-hemo   vi. to wait for a moment.

hengin adj. proud. Syn: hengin-hentii.

hengo   vt. to think before someone else does. 

 

hengo   vt.  to miss one thing while thinking about something.

hengya   v. to think wrongly.

henhan   vt. to think (that); to guess (that). Molu nunuka colony ho dududo hiila (ngo) henhan kiile. I thought they live in your colony.

henii   n. relative; kinperson. henii-myanii n. relatives.

heniin   n. air blowing.

heniin   n. operating of a lock.

heniin   n. embroidering/knitting; embroidery.

heniin   n. serving of food with a ladle/spoon.

henje   vt. to trust; to have confidence in something or someone. Syn: henje-taje.

henjer   vt. to save; to preserve for future use.

henji   See henchi.

henji   adj. happy. Usage: derogatory. henji-hempa adj. appropriate; suitable; convenient; handy.

henju   n. way of thinking; attitude; behaviour. henju-henmyo n. character; way of thinking; mode of thought. Aju-amyo mi niimpa kadu? Henju-hemyo mi no katotiika. Why are you looking at somebody's features? Look at the character. henju-miiju n. behaviour, character. Syn: miiju-luju.

henjun   adj. comfortable. 

henka   vt. to think; to imagine; to plan. Syn: henka-myanka. Henkatotiika ah! Think about it!

henkaniin   n. idea; opinion; view; plan.

henki   adj. sincere. Syn: denki.

henko   adj. any. henko ako pron. any one. Syn: henko kone. Henko kone bidato. Give me any one. henko-henko pron. randomly. Siika Myoko so ngo pore o tangiito la henko-henko giipa-giiya gikanando. During this Myoko festival I feel like drinking lots of black beer, and fall and lie her and there.

henko   v. to sympathize with; to be in sympathy with.

henko-hempe   adj. confused. Usage: Hari, Bulla. Var: hinko-himpe. Usage: Hija. henko-hempe mii vca. to make someone confused. Usage: Hari, Bulla. Var: hinko-himpe mii. Usage: Hija. Ngiika oho hii, abi-tarii atan mi school indu pa riilaku lala, siisi intekuma luda. Si ngiimi hinko-himpe miipabiido ke ah. My child, after buying clothes to go to school, has now refused to go. That has made me confused on what to do.

henkur   vt. to regret.

henkha   v. to think wrongly. Henkhalyi hoka tonsernii, ngiika ane. It's my mother who advise me when I am in a wrong thought.

henkhii   adj.  insufficient; scarce, as of food. henkhii-milyin n. shortage of food; famine.

henkhii    vt. to have no more desire to repeat something after having had a bad experience. Syn: henkhii-miikhii.

 

hennii [´hẽni]   1. n. one who loves (unspecified). 2. n. one who is affectionate (unspecified); hearty (cordial, warm).  3. adj. (in a nominal, adjectival or relative phrase or clause) affectionate.

hennyo    v. to think without a purpose.

hennga    vt. to be interested in  something. hennga-henka adj. frustrated.

henngu-here    vt.  to distinguish; to discriminate.

hennyo   vt. to think without a set purpose; to let one's mind wander.  hennyoniin n. thoughts without purpose.

hennyo-miinyo   v. to accustom (oneself or another), esp. through practice; to get used to; to familarize (oneself or another) with something.

hensan   adj. biased; prejudiced; partial, as of an opinion, statement or thought. hensan-miisan adj. biased; prejudiced; partial, as of a behaviour.

hensanii   n. thing to be thought of.

henser   n. (of feeling, mind) free from worry; disembarrassed. See: daser. henser kadu adj. left with no way of action; marked by an inability to act or react; helpless.

hensi-henga   adj. uneasy; disturbed by anxiety or apprehension.

hensi-hensi   vt. to keep one's thought to oneself, without letting others know about it.

hensu   v. to love each other. Syn: hensu-myansu. hensu-hera vi. to feel disheartened or discouraged.

henter [´hẽtər]   adv. very. Syn: ano; hemper.

hentu    vt. to miss someone; to think of someone who is far away.

hentin   1. vt. to rely on someone; to trust someone. 2. adj. reliable; trustworthy.

hepa   part. about; approximately (referring to numbers). Jarpinye hepa. About eight thousands. Syn: pa.

hepi   vt. to dry something by blowing on it, as of wind or any type of air-producing device.

hepin  vt. to fasten a lock. Ant: heko.

hepya    vt. to unlock. 

heru   1. n. sorrow; sadness. 2. adj. sad; unhappy; feeling sorrow for. Nii na, hangii herumapa sii ha? What, is there something wrong? 3. vi. to moan. heru-henka vi. to be or feel depressed. heru-myankha n. sadness. heruyo! interj. I'm sorry.

hete   n. (Agr.) trench dug into a paddy field for providing shelter and spawning ground for fishes. Usage: Hija. Var: parkho. Usage: Hari, Bulla .

hete   vt. to throw or push something down by a bending action. Alyi hetenii sanii atan si giyo-gichi gila donyado. The trees which have been uprooted by the wind lie around haphazardly on the ground.

heter [hetər]   part. even. Gramm: particle usually signaling that 'even' the marked noun participates in the action/state indicated by the verb. Ame-aje heter apin nyikuma ha? Isn't there [even] a little bit of rice left? iche heter adv. 1. even a little. 2. (in negative sentences) not even a little, not at all. Mo moka aba mi iche heter giima ke an? He/she doesn't ressemble to his/her father at all, does he/she? kone heter pron. even one.  Gramm: indefinite pronoun of person. When used in a negative sentences, gives the sense 'no-one'. School ho miyu kone heter nyima. There is no one in the school (lit. 'not even one person').

 

heu   vt. to grudge; to feel envy/jealousy towards someone. Syn: kau.

 

heyi   n. particular portion of the innards of an animal, esp. pig.

hi [hi:]   n. fermented, dried bamboo shoot. Var: hiyi. See: hikhu. hi pike n. variety of *pike prepared with finely chopped dried bamboo shoots.

hi    vt-r. to steer; to guide something esp. by means of a device. 

hi [hi:]   vt-r. to hit with a stick or stick-like object.

hi    vt-r. to fill liquid in a bottle or jar.

hi    vt-r. (by priest) to chant or recite, esp. during a *murun.

hi [hi:]   vt-r. to bask in a fire or in the sun; to warm oneself.

hi [hi]   vt-r. 1. to search, as in the pocket; to frisk. 2. to grope.

hi    vt-r. 1. to caress. 2. to smoothen something by brushing.

hi    vt-r. to defecate; to void feces from the bowels.

hi   vt-r. (by fruiting tree) to fruit; to bear fruit.

hi   vt-r. to whip

hibu [´hi:bu]   n. beak.

hichi   vi. to grimace. Syn. hinyi.

hihii-hikhe   vt. to steer; to twist.

hijan   vt. to wring; to twist with force, as water out of a cloth. Var: hija.

hije   n. portable rice beer vessel made of bamboo. Syn: dije.

hijo   See: hiijo.

hika   vi. to smile; to grin.

hika    vt. to search, as in the pocket; to frisk.

hika    vt. to caress; to fondle.

hike   vt. to twist. hike-hibe v. to turn (esp. one's body) in the opposite direction; to turn aside/away

hikhan [hĩ´xã̃]  n:num. thirty. Syn: hinkhanhe.

hikhe   n. (Zool.) generic term for small birds of the passerine family with beige or light brown plumage, including Hodgson's Tree Pipit (Anthus hodgsoni).

hikhii    vt. to wring.

hikhiin   vi. to feel like being unable to chew, e.g. after eating some sour item such as a citrus fruit. Etym: from *ahi, 'tooth', *-khiin, 'overdone'.

hikhu   n. fermented, sliced or diced bamboo shoot, used as flavouring ingredient in many dishes. See: hi.  Encycl: fresh bamboo shoots are washed, peeled and cut into slices, then stored in a tightly closed bamboo-mat container along with banana or leaves from a particular plant known as "ekkam" . This mixture is kept for fermentation for about one week. The shoots are dried after fermentation and stored for consumption. See: hirin; hiyi. hikhu pike n. *pike with finely chopped fermented bamboo shoots. 

hile   vi. to sneer; to laugh in a way that shows contempt; to grin.

hilin   vi. to fructify, as of a fruit tree; to become fruitful. Ahi hilindo. Fruits are coming out.

hilu   n. (Anat.) tooth gum (gingiva).

hilu   adj. smooth and shiny; silken; sleek.

hime   n. kid; child; youngster. Normally refers to a boy, but can be used to indicate both boys and girls, especially in the plural form. Lampung hime chikho kone. Lampung is a clever boy. hime atan n. kids; children youngsters (plural form of *hime). hime ho advphr. during childhood. Ankha hime ho ano riilanne. Ankha weighed a lot (i.e. was very healthy) during her childhood.

hin [hĩ]   n:num. three. Gramm: numeral root used for combining with classifiers to indicate three specimens of a collection of objects. Used in counting only (as in one, two, three...), without reference to a particular object. See: hinnge.

hin    vt-r. to pinch.

hin   See: hen.

hindii     adj. crabby; bad-tempered.

 

hingiinii   n. third (one).

 

hinnge [hĩŋe]   n:num. three. Gramm: numeral root used for combining with classifiers to indicate three specimens of a collection of objects. Used to  specify a particular set. See: hin.

hiniin [hĩ:nĩ]   n. hitting, of a stick; hit. 

hiniin   n. filling of a bottle or jar with some liquid.

hiniin   n. chanting of a priest, esp. during a *murun; chant. subu hiniin n. ritual chanting of the priest before the sacrifice of cattle at the begining of a *murun.  

hiniin   n. search (e.g. in one's pocket); searching.

hiniin   n. caress; caressing.

hiniin   n. defecation; defecating.

hiniin   n. fructification (the producing of fruit); fructifying.

hinkha   vt. to scratch a surface.

hinkhe   n. shaftment, a traditional unit of linear measure corresponding to the width of the hand and outstretched thumb (roughly equal to two hand-breadths).

 

hinko-himpe   See: henko-hempe.

hintu    vt. to pinch tightly; to squeeze tightly between the fingers. Syn: hintu-hinpo.

hinyi   See: hichi.

hipi   vt. to dry one's clothes by standing/sitting near the fire.

hipya    n. (Anat.) incisor tooth. See: hiran; diiphyo ahi.

hiran    n. (Anat.) molar. Etym: from *ahi, 'tooth', *aran, 'bottom'. See: hipya; diipyo ahi.

hirun [hi:´rũ]   n. tusk, as of a boar.

hishu   See: ishu.

hisu-hosu   adj. nervous about doing something; confused to do something.

hite   vi. (by a tree) to stop fruiting; to stop bearing fruits. 

hiter   v. to grin wickedly at someone to tease him/her.

hitin   vt. to bash against the ground, esp. small animals (rats, snakes, etc.) to kill them.

hiyi   n. fermented, sliced bamboo shoots which are sun-dried and stored in bamboo baskets. Encycl: after being fully sun-dried, the topmost parts of fresh bamboo shoots are cut in very fine, tiny dices, then left ot ferment. See: hikhu; hirin. 

hii [´hi]  1. dem. the; that.  Gramm: addressee-proximate demonstrative. Nominative case. Often best rendered in English by the definite article 'the', but implying the idea that the object or person is distant from the speaker, in space or time. Ngiika aki kapaniin hii pulumane. The dog whom I saw was not white. See: si; hiika. 2. pron. that. Gramm: addressee-proximate demonstrative pronoun. Nominative case. Hii ngiika ude. That is my house. Hii piigo amanii ke. Kupato. That is useless. Throw it away! 3. adv. there (distant from the speaker but close to the addressee, used to denote an action that is taking place at the time of speaking or writing). 4. post. nominative case marker. Ngiika armyan hii Kanno. My name is Kanno. 5.  vt-r. so he/she says/said. Aba, apin diilyi ho luriisiiyo hiidu. Father tells us not to talk during the meals. Tapu school inne po? Ngo momi inlya hiito niin. Tapu has gone to school, hasn't he? I told him not to go. hii yu ke interj. He/she said so; so he/she said.

 

hii   vt-r. to bind or tie.

hii    vt-r. to collect, esp. vegetables.

hii  vt-r. to put something vertically into the ground, as a stick, post, etc.; to drive in; to insert. 

hiiba  adj. following; next. King siilaku la, hiika hiiba kingdom ho nii miineku? After the king's death what happened in the kingdom? hiiba ho post. after. Lonye-lohinhe ka hiiba ho, ... Two-three days later. School inja lala kula la hiika hiiba pa/ho college inkindo. After school completion one has to go to college. Chatung ka hiiba ho Tamo akindo. After Chatung, Tamo will come. hiibapa adv. following; next. hiika hiibapa advphr. after that; next.

hiibi   n. 1. tip of bamboo (including smaller branches or twigs). 2. single bamboo branch.

hiichi   n. name given to one of the two composite groups celebrating the Myoko festival simultaneaoulsy, comprising Hija, Duta, Mudang-Tage and Bamin-Michi. See: hiite.

hiigu haman   n. (Bot.) Japanese Parsley (Oenanthe javanica), a variety of vegetable. Usage: Hari. Var: hugu haman. Usage: Hija .

hiiho sanii   n. (Bot.) Common Walnut (Juglans regia).

hiijan [hi´dʑã]   n. 1. new generation. 2. newborn. hiijan apin [hi´dʑã a´piŋ] n. meal offered as a contribution at childbirth. hiijan liiha [hi´dʑã liha]   n. 1. ceremonial basket used to bring food contributions for the coming of a newborn. 2. variety of basket used by the mother of a newborn during her postnatal confinement. hiijan miinii n. formal presentation of gifts by the bride's parents to the children of a newly married couple during the wedding ceremony (*mida). Usually consists of a Tibetan prayer bell (*maji) and meat.  hiijan yopo n. basket containing various pieces of meat that is presented to the newly married couple during the *hiijan miiniin ritual.

hiiji tami   n. See tami.

hiijo   n. (Bot.) variety of bamboo very similar to *bije (Phyllotachis bambusoides) but having a thinner skin. The stem is strong and for that reason commonly used to make pillars. Var: hijo.

hiika   n. (Bot.) variety of edible fern, which the Apatanis boil and prepare with some salty sauce. Mostly available during Myoko time. Syn: hiika haman .

hiika [´hika]   dem. that. Gramm: addressee-proximate demonstrative; genitive case.  Used to refer to an object or person located  at some distance from the speaker but closer to the addressee, or to point to an event that is distant in time. Best rendered in English by the demonstrative adjective 'that'. Hiika ude hii perodo. That house is big. Hiika ball mi ngiimi lato pe. Take that ball for me. Hiika anyan ho. That year. See: inka. hiika atan dem. those. Gramm: addressee-proximate plural demonstrative; genitive case. Hiika hime atan hii khelido Those kids are playing. hiika atan pron. these; those. Gramm: addressee-proximate plural demonstrative pronoun. No bus jalo tempo latulakindo. Hiika atan inka arun so domodu. You can take a bus or a tempo. They stop over here. hiika hii pron. that. Gramm: addressee-proximate demonstrative pronoun used to refer to an object or person located  at some distance from the speaker but closer to the addressee. Hiika hii ngiika ude. That is my house. Syn: hii. hiika ho adv. there, over there (distant from the speaker but close to the addressee, or used to denote an action that is distant in time). Hiika ho ngo ngiika cell phone mi bapasiito. I lost my cell phone there (by your side). hiika hopa conj. for that reason; because of that. Gramm: Complementizing conjunction used to link a factual information with its cause. Ngo billyo doli achiladoto, hiika hopa school amato. Yesterday I had fever, so I did not come to school. hiika myodu ho advphr. 1. at that exact time. 2. in the meantime.

 

hiikane  [´hikane]    pron. that much. Gramm: indefinite pronoun of quantity (as size, amount, etc.). Hiikane tuniipa ngo miiladiima! I may not be able to do it so quickly! hiikaneja pron. so much. Ngunu niimpa pe hiikaneja halyan henju-miiju mi harjomondo nii? Why do we follow so much the ways of life of people of the plains?

hiiku   n. large twisted chank bead put on *sampu tasan .

hiila [hila]   1. conj. like that; thus; in that way. Hiila ke ah? Isn't it like that? Hiila do. It is/it does (confirming a statement or answering positively to a question). Hiilama ha lo? Is'nt it like that? No, VKV ho masii ha, purido nii?  Do you study in VKV school? Iin, hiila cho. Yes I do. Mo hiila lune. He/she said like that. Ngiika armyan Tatu hiila. My name is Tatu. 2. then; therefore. Gramm: conjunction used to express a temporal connection between two sentences, or some kind of causal relationship. Mo aji miinasiila dadu hiila puri-riderkuma. Being completely absorbed in his/her work in the fields he/she could not study properly. Insiima ko indu hiila no kiiri inlyu-siibiitalyi ke. If you go to the wrong place you will suffer lose in your business. 3. that; to (in indirect or reported speech). Gramm: complementizing conjunction used in direct and indirect speech to report what someone says, think or does. Tama ngiimi siika envelope mi niimi bitolya hiila lune. Tama asked me to give this envelope to you. Hiila pe hendo. I think so (polite). Siika ahi mi bachin hiila ludu. One calls this fruit 'bachi'. Inka balu si nunukii hiila chindu ha? Do you know that garden is yours? Spain, World Cup tuminkendo hiila ngiika agin ho ahetayi ha no? Will you make a bet with me that Spain is going to win the World Cup? hiilaja conj. precisely; exactly like that. hiila do phr. so it is/so it does. Tapyo si hajmola hiilyan dota ka aha. Hiila do nyan. A: This Tapyo salt tastes like Hajmola. B: It does. hiila ha int. tag is it like that? hiila ke interj. 1. Wow! Incredible! For goodness sake! Usage: interjection used to express amazement, stupefaction or wonderment. 2. Yes it is. hiila koda conj. if; supposing; in that case; if that is so. Gramm: subordinate conjunction of condition. Occurs at the end of the subordinate clause, preceding the main clause. hiila loda advphr. like that only. hiila ma advphr. not like that. Syn: hiila na ma. Hiila na ma hempado. I don't think so. hiila ma ha ena int. tag isn't it? Gramm: negative question tag occuring at the end of a positive statement or sentence, roughly equivalent to English 'isn't it?', 'don't you?', etc. Unlike in English it has a fixed form. Syn: hiila ma ha lo? hiila pe ha int. tag is it? Gramm: positive question tag occuring at the end of a negative statement or sentence, roughly equivalent to English 'is it?', 'do you?', etc. Unlike in English it has a fixed form. hiila sii phr. (It's) like that only. hiila ya advphr. rather like that. hiila yu ha  int. tag is that so? A: Mo anyi anii-oho sii pe ha? B: Chinma, hiila yu ah?  A: Are they mother and son? B: I don't know, is that so? Syn: hiila yun.

hiilyan  part. 1. like; as. Gramm: semblative particle following a noun or a pronoun, indicating that the subject shares the same quality as the marked noun/pronoun, or performs the action indicated by the verb in a similar way. Insi aki hiilyan ela. That looks like a dog. Alyi atan ka nyago hii ano alerdo.  Molu kiidi mi buldozzer hiilyan durlado. Pigs  have very powerful snouts.  They can turn over the ground like bulldozers. Mo, Obing hiilyan,  luju-lumyo ayado. He is a polite fellow, just like Obing. Tapyo si hajmola hiilyan dota ka aha. This tapyo salt tastes like hajmola. 2. as though; as if. Mo yasan bananmanii hiilyan bado. He is collecting firewood as if he does not want to. Syn: hiilyan-hiilyan. Momi kapatonii hiilyan-hiilyan hensuto henderlamato. I thought (as if) I had seen him/her somewhere but I did not remember.

hiimi [himi:]  n. widow. hiimi-miji. n. widow and orphan. Usage: in a metaphorical sense, the compound word *hiimi-miji can convey the meaning of  a weakness of which people take unwanted advantage.

 

hiimi   1. dem. the; that.  Gramm: addressee-proximate demonstrative. Accusative case. 2. pron. that. Gramm: addressee-proximate demonstrative pronoun. Accusative case. No michama koda hiimi kapakendo cho. If you are not blind you should see that.

 

hiimkane   See: hiinkane.

hiimper [him´pər]   adv. very. Var: hemper. Syn: henter.

hiinkane [´hĩkane]    pron. that much. Gramm: indefinite pronoun of quantity (as size, amount, etc.). Hiinkane loda abu bimajalo ayanedii ke. It is not necessary to give that much to them. Sokii la ado dope ha? Is it too far from here? Ma, hiinkane adoma ke. No, not at all,  it's not that far away. Hiinkane aduyo. Don't speak that much! Var: hiimkane.

hiinin   adj. concentrated, as of food or beverage.

hiine interj. that's it; that's all.

hiinyan   1. n. shame. 2. adj. ashamed; shameful; shy. Mo ngiimi hiinyandopa lubiine. His/her talks made me shameful. hiinyan biiso n. prestige (literally 'shy-frightened'). hiinyan lu vcn. to verbally insult someone (esp. in front of others); to humiliate. hiinyan mii vcn. to insult someone by doing something (esp. in front of others); to humiliate. hiinyan mohi n. shame; disgrace. Sarii ngiimi hiinyan mohi dado pa gada. the Teacher scolded me in such a way that I felt  ashamed. hiinyan subu n. ‘shameful mithun', a mithun given as a compensation for a divorce or an offense to customary law such as adultery or molestation of a woman. hiinyan tami n. (Bot.) Sensitive Plant (Mimosa pudica). Etym: literally 'shy weed'.

 

hiinyi   pron. those two. Gramm: addressee-proximate dual demonstrative pronoun. Occurs  immediately after the marked noun. See: sinyi.

 

hiinyo   n. postnatal confinement period of ten days traditionally imposed to mothers after delivery.

 

hiinyur haman   n. (Bot.) variety of green vegetable.

 

hiipa [hi´pa]    dem. For that. Gramm: addressee-proximate demonstrative; purposive case. Ngo taxi pailakindo pe ha? Iin, hiipa, no taxi stand bo dolyikindo. Can I get a taxi? Yes, for that you have to go to the taxi stand. 

hiipe haman   n. (Bot.) Elatostema platyphyllum, a green leafy vegetable collected from the forests.

hiira   adv. again. hiirapa adv. subsequently; again. Kii, hiira nyibya kapasiisa ha. Ok, let's meet again soon.

hiiri   n. solid particle, usually small; dust. Syn: hiiri-hiikho.

hiirii   name name of one primordial protective deity.

 

hiirii   n. variety of traditional dance performed by a chain of male members that takes place at the house of the performer of a *murun, marked by foot-stamping and chorus. hiirii khanniin n. *hiirii chanting.

hiiro   adj. 1. first 2. (of children in a family) eldest. 3. (of land, property in a household) most important or prominent. Hiiro akha oho ja. Eldest son.

hiiro haman n. (Bot.) variety of eggplant (Solanum sp.) bearing roundish berries in small hanging clusters. 

hiisan   n. (Agr.) grass; fodder. Sii hiisa diidu. Cows eat grass (i.e. are herbivorous). Subu atan hii more-giira ho hiisan diila sandu. Mithuns subsist by eating grass in forests and pastures. hiisan diinii 1. n. grass eater. 2. adj. herbivorous; grass-eating. Siidin atan hii hiisan diinii achu-amyo. Deers are herbivorous animals.

hiiso   n. (Bot.) variety of bamboo growing outside Ziro, having a curved stem. Syn: bihe.

hiita   See: heta.

hiitan   pron. like that; that way. hiitampa  pron. like that; in that way. Hiitampa ha? Is it like that?  Hiitampa ngiimi kadiyo. Don't stare at me like that!

hiite   n. name given to one of the two composite groups celebrating the Myoko festival simultaneaoulsy, comprising Bulla and Hari. See: hiichi.

hiiyi tami   n. (Bot.) Billygoat-weed/Chick weed/Goatweed (Ageratum conyzoides), a common weed.   

ho [´ho]  1.  post. in; at; to. Gramm: locative case marker indicating a place at intermediate distance, or referring to a time or event within which an event takes place or is envisaged. May be used for the lative case, indicating a motion to a location. Also has a comitative sense 'with' when following postposition *agin. Mo lemba ho dudu. He/she lives in a village. Hiika chair ho duto. Sit in that chair (by your side)! Ngo Ziro ho indu. I moved to Ziro. Mo aro konchi ho inne. He/she went early in the morning. 2. adv. there; then. Ho nii kapatii? What did you see there? Ngo ho aji miila dokindo. I shall be cultivating the field then. ho koda conj. then, if that is so; in that case. ho ma koda conj. if not; otherwise. ho nii hiila inter. tag So what? A: Ata, guritama po? 5:30 doku ka ah. B: Ho nii hiila. Ngiimi imikiinempe. A: Sister, won't you wake up? It's half past five. B: So what? Let me sleep. 

ho   conj. and. Gramm: conjunction used to coordinate two sentences.

ho   vt-r. to scratch to stop an itch.

ho   vt-r. to collect with the hands.  

ho   vt-r. to talk in a wordy or indecisive manner; to waffle.

ho   vt-r. to remove, esp. weeds; to de-weed. Aji hodu. Weeding the field.

ho   vt-r. 1. to feed (animals); to give food to animals. No alyi mi diigo hoto ha? Did you give food to the pigs? 2. to treat someone to a meal. Pukun apin honiin. Meal served collectively to the participants of a *murun. Syn: oho.

ho   vt-r. to catch or hold in a noose, esp. an animal. Tamo hiika subu mi saha lo hone. Tamo caught that mithun with a rope. 

-ho   vsuff. away; aside. Gramm: result suffix indicating that the object is removed or put aside as a result of the action denoted by the verb.

 

-ho   vsuff.  mark. Gramm: result suffix indicating that a mark is left as a result of the action identified by the verb.

hojalo [´hodʑalo]   conj. although; though; even though; in spite of the fact that. Gramm: concessive disjunct coordinator used to indicate something  unexpected, or to contrast two informations. No rengiisiidudo, hojalo ngiimi bazar linkunpe. You must be feeling tired, still please accompany me to the market. Syn: hojalopa. Richo ngiimi school nyima ke hiila lune, hojalopa ngo akatalyi. Although Richo told me that there is no school, I will go and see.

hoka   n. loop trap. hoka pe vt-r. to lay a loop trap. hoka peniin n. laying of a loop trap.

hoka  [´hoka] 1. post. of, in (for places). Gramm: locative case marker, genitive case. Obligatory when two locative noun phrases occur in a single sentence.  Yapun hoka jomu si ano kapyodo. Clouds in the sky are very beautiful. Ziro mi Arunachal Pradesh hoka kapyoja ganda ako pa kidu. Ziro counts as one of the most beautiful places of/in Arunachal Pradesh. 2. conj. when; if. See: daka. 

hokii [´hoki]   post. 1. from. Gramm: ablative postposition, indicating a spatial or temporal source of an event. Niinyi no hokii? Where are you (two) from? Ngo lemba hopa tolyi. I come (down) from the village. Akku Yami nyi Itanagar hokii chado. Akku and Yami have come from Itanagar. Mo hin baji hokii imine. He/she slept from three o'clock. 2. out of (a whole). Gramm: partitive postposition used to refer to a selection of a part (or quantity) out of a group (or amount).  Supun miilan  gyakerjalopa, ngunu Ziro kapu hokii kapama. Wherever you may travel on Earth, there is no place like our Ziro. Ngiika ane kapu hokii kapama. No one looks like my mother.  Syn: hopa. hokiija adv. from that time; immediately after. Syn: hokiila; hokiilaja.

hoko-hope   adj. tangled.

hola   vt. to speak in a wordy manner, without saying much; to talk a lot; to talk for the sake of talking; to twaddle.

holya yola   interj. wait! just a minute! Gramm: interjection requesting the addressee to wait or pause for a brief period or time. 

homya   vt. to stain something or someone by throwing something at it/him. Syn: homya-hosa. 

hon   vt-r. to burn something in bulk, using a fire source; to burn the greater part of something. buji-buji hon vi. (by fire) to crackle; to burn with crackling sounds. Yamu ho buji-buji honbiitola. There were crackling sounds in the fire.

hone   vt. to touch someone with one's fingertip, esp. with the intention of drawing his attention. 

honki   vi. to stoop; to bend down. Usage: Hija. Var: hunki. Syn: hu'nga. 

honiin   n. (of animals) feed. apin honiin n. serving/offering of a meal to a guest. Moka apin honiin si polehaja hodo ke. His/her party is too lavish. Pukun apin honiin. Meal served collectively to the participants of a *murun.

 

honiin   n. de-weeding; removal of weeds.

honyo   adj. small, as of a fire. Ant: horo.

horo   adj. large, as of a fire. Ant: honyo.
 

hopa  [´ho´pa]   post. 1. for (purposive). Gramm: locative case marker, purposive case. Postposition marking nouns, pronouns or subordinate clauses with the basic meaning 'for', 'for the purpose of'. Inka habya si nohopa yu baliigiido nii? For where did you bring that ladder?  2. via; through; by way of. Gramm: viative/perlative postposition marking a noun, used to indicate an object or location which is passed by, or a path/way which is followed during the course of an action or event. Dumi more hopa ado. Dumi is coming through the forest. Lopa mi ubu hopa liiboto. Put the (bamboo) stick across the hole! Lemba ato. Come by road! 3. of; out of. Gramm: partitive postposition used to refer to a selection of a part out of a group. Acho-amyo hopa patii hii uroja hii. The tiger is the strongest animal (lit. 'strongest among animals'). Syn: hokii.

hopa [´hopa]   conj. therefore; thus; so. Gramm: subordinating conjunction usually used to link a cause with an effect. Ngiikii arda ngoya ingo ako do hopa school alakenma. I have to go somewhere tomorrow, therefore I cannot go to school. Miido hudo hopa ngo ude ho du. It's raining, so I'm staying at home (since it's raining I am staying at home). Ngo siilo doctor mi kapakendo, hopa school alakenma. I shall see the doctor today so I shall not be able to come to school. Hopa lo. That's why. hiika hopa conj. for that reason; because of that.

hopa   vt. to remove or take off something, such as weeds from a field. 

hopa-hoya   See: hupa-huya.

hor-   class.  bundle of threads. Gramm:  classifier (root form) prefixing numerals and certain monosyllabic adjectival roots. Used for thread bundles. hore, hornye, horhinnge, horpe, horngohe, horkhe, horkanuhe, horpinye, horkoahe, horlyanhe. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 bundles of threads.

hor   vi-r. (esp. of rice when it is dried before unhusking) to become hard. Ant: horma.

hor    vt-r. to look in a clumsy or ackward way.

hor    See: hur.

horchi    adj. reacting readily and quickly.

horda   vt. to stare at.

hore   n:num. one bundle of threads. Gramm: used for referring to a particular object. When enumerating, as in school, *horkun is used in place of *hore.

horjin   vt. to strain, as a muscle. Aro horjin la ngiika ali tuhii-tukhelama. I pulled a tendon so I cannot move my leg.

horku   adj. 1. (of a way of dressing or wearing something) inappropriate. 2.  (of eyes) squint; squinting; (of a person) cross-eyed; looking askance or sidelong.

horkun    n:num. one bundle of threads. Gramm: when enumerating only, i.e without reference to a particular object, as in school. Otherwise, *hore is used in place of *horkun.

horlyi   v. 1. to look askance at someone. 2. to look obliquely at someone or something.

horma   adj. (esp. of rice) not ripen enough. Ant: hor.

hornanii   n. bamboo frame used to make loops during the traditional process of cotton spinning, before dyes are applied to the thread . 

horne    pron. (of bundles of threads) how many. Gramm: interrogative pronoun used for a countable number of items in a collection.

hornyo   n:num. (of a bundle of threads) small. Ant: horro.

horro   n:num. (of a bundle of threads) large. Ant: hornyo.

horsa   n:qual. (of two or more bundles of threads) 1. distinct; different. 2. one set for each. Gramm: post-nominal qualifying noun. 

horto   n. yarn. tano horto n. yarn thread.

hoser   vt. to strangle with a rope.

hosu [´hosu]   conj. for that reason; because of that. Syn: hopa.

hota    vt. to throw something sticky at someone or something, as when throwing mud.

hoye   vt. to beckon; to wave at someone to get attention.

hoyi tani    vt. to carry (esp. a child) astride on the shoulders. Usage: Bulla. Var: halyan piidin. Usage: Hija.

hoyo-hochi   vt. to mix.

hu   n. particular measure of pig fat. See: hulyi.

hu    pron. who. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Inka hime si hu pe? Who is that child? Insi hu na khedonii? Who is crying there? Hu na si? Who is this? (proximate). Hu na ude ho anenii? Who is the one who came to my house?  hu kokii pron. from whom. hu ya pe idiom. who (polite). Gramm: idiomatic expression used as a polite way to inquire about the identity of a person. No, hu ya pe? Who are you? Inka atan si hu ya pe Tama ka anii? Who among them is Tama's mother?

hu   vi-r.  to rain; (by rain) to fall. Miidu huto la ngo ude ho duto. Since it was raining, I stayed at home.

hu   vt-r. to shake something. 

hu   vi-r. to glow, as of a light; to shine. Danyi hudo. The sun shines.

hu   vi-r. to be awake.

hu   vt-r.  to collect (clothes, etc.).

hu   vt-r. to pound, as with a log, pestle, etc.; to crush (paddy, maize, etc.).

hu    vt-r. to trim off; to make neat or tidy by clipping or lopping off, as of a stick; to hull.

hu    vi-r. to simmer, as of a liquid.

hu   vt-r. to pierce, as with a needle.

hua   vi-r. to fall into something, such as a pit, pond, well, etc. Var: huha.

huba    vt. (of a plural subject) to shake something together.

huba    vt. (of a plural subject) to collect (clothes, etc.) together.

huba    vt. (of a plural subject) to pound together.

hubin   1.  n. sweat. 2. vi. to sweat. Var: hubyin. ali-ala hubin n. sweat of the hand and feet.

hubin    vi. (of a plural subject) to shake something jointly.

hubin    vt. to collect something together/jointly. 

hubo   pron. who (among them/these/those). Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Used to inquire about the identity of a particular person in a group. Inka atan sokii hubo ya pe Tama ka anii? Who among those is Tama's mother?

hubo-hulo   vt.  1. to look like, esp. when depicting persons of same age. 2. (of a measure or quantity) to be roughly equivalent to.

hubu   n. bamboo tube receptacle for storing cooking utensils.

hubur [hu´bur]   n. (Agr.) duct inserted in the bund of a paddy field to let out the water. Encycl: can be made of plank, pine tree trunk, or bamboo stem, of different diameters. By blocking or opening it any field can be flooded or drained as required. Ducts are installed about 15 to 25 cm above the bed level of the fields in order to maintain the proper water level. Var: siikho. Usage: Bulla . parkho hubur n. (Agr.) pipe used in the trench of a paddy field.

 

hubyin   See: hubin.

 

hubyu   n. sheath of a machete or sword. takhe hubyu n. skeletal cane sheath of a machete or sword.

hubyu   vi. to boil, as of a liquid. Yasi hubyudo. Water is boiling.

huda   adj.  bright, as of colour, sky, etc. Ant: kamo. huda kiila adv. brightly (shining).

hugu haman   See: hiigu haman.

hugya   vi. to simmer, as of a liquid.

huha   adj. showy; superficial; careless. Usage: slightly derogatory

huhii-hukhe vt. to shake back and forth.

huii    vt. to shake. Syn: huku.

huka   pron. whose. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Genitive case. Si huka tarii? Whose shirt is this? huka agin ho pron.loc. with whom. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Sociative case. No huka agin ho duchi? With whom shall you sit/stay?

hukii   pron. whose. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Possessive case. Siika tarii si hukii? Whose is this shirt?

hukii-makii   adj. impulsive; impetuous; rash.

huko ho   pron.loc. at whose place. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Locative case. No huko ho dute he? At whose place did you stay? huko kii pron. from whose place. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person; ablative case.

huko   vt. to pierce or make a hole, as with a needle.

huku   vt. to shake.

hukho   n. handle of an agricultural tool, such as a hoe, etc. 

hula   n. (Bot.) Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera), a variety of yam. Syn: hula ahi.

hula-rala   adj. extravagant. Usage: Hija.

huli   n. (Med.) boil; inflamed swelling on the skin; abscess; furuncle. Syn: huli une.

hulu   n. variety of ceremonial Tibetan sword (*chiri). Syn: hulu chiri. See: chiri; sha; pinji.

hulumale   adv. (esp. referring to a group of people or a crowd) in a state of tumult or chaos; in turmoil.

hulyi   n. (pig) fat. Hulyi mi jiloto. Melt down the pig fat!

hulyan-huda   vt. (of cloth, water, grain, etc.) to put into order; to arrange. Hiika pulye mi hulyan-hudato. Arrange that cloth neatly!

hulyu   n. bamboo javelin, unbarbed. Encycl: in olden days bamboo javelin were used only while fighting a battle near the villages. Young children and women brought them to fighting men who hurl them towards the enemies.

 

humi   pron. whom. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Accusative case. Siika tarii mi humi bikindo? To whom shall this shirt be given? Humi no kabyodo/kajido? Whom do you like?

hun   vt-r. to expel/eject water from one's mouth.

hu'nga   v. to stoop; to bend down. Var: honki/hunki. Usage: Hija.

huniin   n. shake; shaking. myobu huniin n. earthquake.

huniin   n. pounding; grinding. Yatan huniin. Pounding of rice to make rice flour.

huniin   n. collecting (of clothes, etc.)

huniin   n. shining; glowing.

huniin   n. simmering (of a liquid).

huniin   n. piercing.

hu'ngo   vi.  (by rain) to stop falling.

hunju   vi. to sit or be seated with one's head bent down.

hunta-renta   adj. congested, as of an area or room. Usage: Bulla.

hunyi   n. wooden pestle for grinding rice grain and millet. Syn: duhu hunyi. Hunyi buye. One pestle. 

hunyur   n. (Bot.) variety of vegetable. Var: hunyur haman .

hupa   pron. for whom. Gramm: interrogative pronoun of person. Purposive case. Siika tarii si hupa? Whose shirt is this?

hupa-huya   vt. to spend lavishly, more than enough. Usage: Hija. Var: hopa-hoya. Usage: Bulla.

hupo   n. element of the old body armour used in combats, consisting of tanned mithun or buffalo hides which were fastened around the chest, offering an efficient protection from the armpit to the groin. See: ahu; hurin; lecha.

 

hupur   vt. to break by letting or making something fall (e.g. an egg). Syn: apur.

hupyu   v. to shake, esp. a liquid. Syn: hupyu-huser.

hur   vt-r. to remove excess water from cooked rice through filtration. Var: hor. Usage: Hija.

hurin    n. element of the body armour, a large cane belt or cane matted ring designed to protect the viscera, which was put around the waist. Usually consisted of two split long canes, around which numerous fibres from giant ferns were wrapped round very tightly. It offered an additional protection for the stomach and groin from injuries by blade weapons.

huro   vi. to wake up.

hurta [hur´ta:]   n. wooden board used for filtering rice water during the cooking process. Syn: apin hurta . aji hurta n. (Agr.) wooden baton with a flatten end for making leeways in paddy fields in order to remove excess water.

husi-rasi   adj. hot and unpleasant.

huta   adj. 1. classy (stylish, elegant). 2. showing off; flaunting. Syn: huta-hubya.

hutii   pron. who among (you, them). Nunu hutii abasii? Who among you came together?

huto [hu´to]   1. n. light. Piilo huto ho. In the moonlight. 2. adj. bright/clear, as of the sky. hutopa adv. brightly. Danyi hutopa byodo. The sun is shining brightly.