---

 

D-d

 

---

 

da/-da   part./vsuff. as for; however. Gramm: contrastive particle following a noun or suffixing a verb, contrasting the information either with some preceding statement or with some implicit referent. No indahe. You go! (i.e. only you, not me). Ngiika oho hii, abi-tarii atan mi school indu pa riilaku lala, siisi intekuma luda.  My child, after buying clothes to go to school, has now refused to go. Tiiko innaniipahe kontii bida. Give just enough money for the journey (i.e. don't give more). 

 

da- [da:]   class. foot step; pace. Gramm:  classifier (root form) prefixing numerals and certain monosyllabic adjectival roots. Used for paces, i.e. steps taken as a measuring unit. daye/dahe, danye, dahinnge, dape, da'ngohe, dakhe, dakanuhe, dapinye, dakoahe, dalyanhe. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 step(s)/pace(s).

 

da [da]    cop. to be; to exist. Gramm: existential verb, referent standing. Si subu da. Here is a mithun. Ant: nyima. 

 

da [´da]   vi-r. 1. to stand; to be in an upright posture. Nobin, Tamo hata hii da. Nobin stands in front of Tamo. 2. vi-r. to live; to reside. Ngiiyi hii yasi ho dadu. Fishes live in water. Mo ngiimi noho dadu, nii miidu, hiila takane. He/she asked me where I am now, what I am doing and all.

da [da:]   vi-r. to step; to walk; to stride across.

da   See: dar.

-da [da]  vsuff. 1. correctly. 2. opportunely. Gramm: manner suffix indicating that the subject carries out the action indicated by the verb in a correct or opportune manner. Opi alan landadoku. Opi can hold her head up [i.e. as a baby, she has strengthened her neck muscles enough to hold her head up]. Ant: -mur. 

-da [da]   adjsuff. adverbializer. Gramm: final particle attached to time nouns or time adjectives to form sequential adverbs. May suffix the negative form of the adjective. Apin miiyo, piijoda ngunu restaurant ho diitesa. Don't cook meal, later on we shall eat out at a restaurant. No ayumada Itanagar tone pe la hento nii, hiira tochinkiilyi po? I guess you have been to Itanagar recently, are you going again?

daba   vi. (of a plural subject) to stand together; to be standing together.

daba   vi. (of a plural subject) to step/walk together. Niika subu donyeru dabasiida. Your two mithuns are walking together. 

dabo   vi. to step or walk along with someone.

dabo   vi. to step or walk across something. dabomon vi. to step or walk across something along with someone. Ngo niika agin ho dabomonchi. I will go across with you.

 

dacha   vi. to step up.

 

dacha   See: darcha. 

 

dachan [da:tɕã]  n. 1. iron. 2. (in a wider sense) metal, in general. dachan muku sudu n. metallic smoking pipe. dachan piilo [da:chã pi´lo] n. crowbar. dachan yakho n. slim iron stick, a common tool used by Apatani blacksmiths.

 

dachan ho da  vca. to live in the manner of. Noka Richo ayadachan ho datotiika. Try to live life the right way as Richo! Noka mingodachan ho datotiika. Try to live as rich people do!

-dadiima [dadima]   vsuff. I am sure that; I swear that. Gramm: assurance suffix marking information as something that the speaker wishes to inform the addressee he is sure of.  A: Ngo biilyo school amato. B: No adadiima. A: I did not come to school yesterday. B: I swear you did. No diidadiima. I swear you eat.

dado [dado]   part. adverbializer. Gramm: particle following adjectives and certain nouns, used to form adverbs. Alun dado siitii dore harhalyi mi. Suddenly an elephant ran in.  Mo kolyun-kochun dado duane. He/she sat down in an imbalanced way. Sarii ngiimi hiinyan mohi dadopa gada. The Teacher scolded me in such a way that I felt  ashamed. Yana tabu-taru dado nyimo ho powder negiitolado. Yana rubbed some powder on her face that made her skin appear somewhat grainy. Hapoli so miyu giije-giije dado daye. There was a huge number of people in Hapoli. Aro konchi dado jimi-jamadorampa ngo aji inchi. I shall go to paddy fields at early morning (i.e. when the morning haze is still low on the horizons).  See: -da.

dagur   vt. to guard.

dagya   vi. to stay or stand at the wrong place.

daha   vi. to step in. Yampi, so ude ho oye dahato. Yampi, step into the house! daha-daba vi. (of a plural subject) to step in together. Niika subu donyeru daha-dabasiida. Your two mithuns are stepping in together. 

dahi   vi. to step aside, e.g. as to vacate a place. Var: dayi.

dahi-damo   vi. to stay awhile; to stand or stay for a short period. Syn: hengii-hemo.

dahin   See: dayin.

dahii-dakhe   vi. (by a plural subject) to exchange position by stepping. Gambo ngiinyi dahii-dakhesiisa. Kago, let's exchange our positions!

daka [daka]   post. in; at; on. Gramm: locative case marker, marking a noun indicating its position. Typically occurs  on clauses where the marked noun and its associated postposition are embedded into a noun phrase. Ari-apii daka miyu atan. People in the neighbourhood. Lenba daka yapa atan hii. The village youngsters. Table daka apin diira paku mi lachunto. Hide the dirty plates on the table! Into daka subu atan si ngiiki. Those mithuns are mine. Aki, paku daka apin mi diikhapabiine. The dog has completely finished off the rice on the plate. Siinyan ngiika aji daka emo si ensu adin do. This year, my paddy crop is of dud rice only. Syn: hoka.

dakan   vi. to stay/stand for a long time.

dako   n. standing place. dako ganda n. residing place. Ziro hii ngiika dako ganda. Ziro is the  place where I'm residing.

dalii   vt. 1. to drive something inside by beating it. 2. to hammer down something. Syn: dilii.

dalin    n. 1. hunting track 2. stamping ground. Syn: more dalin.

dalin   vi. to walk (out); to step out of. 

dalin   See: darlin.

 

dalo   See: darlo. 

 

dalya   vt. to stay or stand for a while; to wait (in a standing posture); to stand temporarily. Iche dalyato. Please wait a moment! (addressee in a standing posture).

dalyi   1. n. direction; side. 2. post. towards; in the direction of. Gramm: directional postposition marking a noun, pronoun or adverb, with the basic meaning 'towards'. Often, but not obligatorily followed by locative postposition *ho. Can also indicate a temporal direction. Si dalyi boto. Come this side (by crossing a river, road, etc.)! Into dalyi bo'nge. Go that side (by crossing a river, road, etc.)! Alye mi labi dalyi ho giboto. Move that door towards the right! Inka lembo padin siiko ho, lachi dalyi bo'nge, lembo ka labi dalyi ho sign board kapatodii ke. Turn left at the river junction, you will see the signboard in the right side of the road. Ayo dalyi. Towards night time.  No labi dalyi ho chaboto. Please move towards the right.

daminda   n. variety of traditional dance accompanied by songs performed by a group of women. Syn: damin.

damu   n. (Agr.) wooden digging stick with a pointed head used as agricultural implement for planting millet or maize seeds. Syn: damu-dankho .

dan [dã]   vt-r. to beat; to hit repeatedly with a stick or a tool.

danba   vt. (of a plural subject) to beat together. Var: damba.

danbo   vt. 1. to beat along with; to join others in beating something or someone. 2. to help someone beat something/someone.

danche   vt. to break by beating.

dane   cop. was/were. Gramm: perfective copula or existential verb, referent standing. Tapu inso ho dane. Tapu was (standing) there.

dangi   vi. to fall (as of a tree, pole, etc.). Inka sanii si dangilado. That tree is falling. Syn: daryi.

danii   n. term used to designate the bride during the wedding ceremony (*mida). Syn: danii-mida. See: dapo. danii-dapo n. term designating the bride and the groom during the wedding ceremony (*mida). 

danii [´dani]   n. one who is standing (unspecified); standing person. daniibo n. the one who is standing (specified); the standing one.

danii   vi. to stay or stand close to something/someone.

dankhii   vt. to cause sprain or injury by beating with a rod/stick; to kill by beating with rod or plank.

dankho n. 1. long sharpened stick (that may be used as a digging stick, e.g.). 2. thin bamboo section used as the stem of a bamboo smoking pipe. dankho panyi n. arms; ammunition. 

dannii   n.  wooden club used for driving pillars into the soil. Etym: from *dana-nanii, 'tool for beating'. Var: danii.

dannii [dãni]   n. 1. one who beats (unspecified). 2. (in a nominal, adjectival or relative clause/phrase) who beats; what beats. emo dannii n. (Agr.) paddy threshing. Var: emo danniin. danniibo n. the one who beats (specified). 

 

danpi   vt. to dry by beating. Var: dampi.

danso   n. spear with long handle. See: adan; iidan; punyan.

danta   vt. to flatten by beating (e.g. a piece of metal during the forging process). Inka abu simi dantato! Flatten that pipe by beating it!

danta   vt. to beat something or someone along with someone else. Gambo agin ho Tamo miilan mi dantato. Beat Tamo along with Gambo!

danti   vt. 1. to beat again; to repeat beating. 2. to beat repeatedly. 

danti   vt. to secure something by beating it, e.g. a pole into the ground.

danye [da:ñe]   1. n:num. two steps. 2. n:num. two paces. 3. adv. at a walkable distance. Lemba hokii, danye dalin la school doda do. The school is located within walking distance from the village.

danyi [´daɲi]   n. 1. sun. 2. an important female figure of Apatani mythology. danyi a vcn. (by sun) to set. Danyi akumarampa akusa. Let's return back before the sun sets. danyi adu n. sunset; moment the sun disappears below the horizon. danyi agyan n. altar erected for 1) a ritual performed during *Myoko at the backyard of individual houses . 2) a ritual performed during *Dree. danyi cha vcn. (by sun) to rise. Danyi chamarampa insa. Let's go before the sun rises. Danyi chado/chalya. The sun rises. danyi chacha n. (Zool.) smaller variety of cicada, black overall with a yellow strip. See: lil lilan. danyi chadu n. sunrise; moment the sun appears above the horizon. danyi ho advphr. under the sun. Tarii mi nula lala danyi ho apito. Dry the shirt under the sun after washing! danyi huto n. sunlight. danyi lolyan n. mid day. Danyi lohyan ho ato. Come at mid day! Syn: alo lolyan; alo liipa. danyi parda ho advphr. at noon (when the sun is at its zenith). danyi rila n. sun ray.

danyo   adj. (of a step/pace) small. Ant: daro. 

danyo adj. aimless; useless. danyopa adv. aimlessly; uselessly. Ngo danyopa inpyo-insopasu, no intema ha? I'm just going out for a stroll, won't you join?  Laling danyopasii ke adu danii. Laling is speaking uselessly. Niika mobile mi tiiko bimapa danyopa ha labiinii? Did your mobile phone come free of charge?

dapo   n. 1. penalty; fine levied by a collective body to a wrong doer for transgressive behaviour. 2. rule, customary law. 3. group of male persons empowered to impose a fine and to execute the levied fine.  Usually consists of some clan representatives (*bulyan) and some knowledgeable persons (*giitii-giira). In some cases, to enforce their decision they can resort to the destruction of the offender's economic sources. Dapo hii kami-kaloja ho Manu kokii dapo pachatii. Finally Dapo members imposed a fine on Manu. dapo sudu/dapo sodu phr. first stage of the pursuance of disputes and the attempts at settlement. supun dapo n. public hearing to award penalty to a wrong doer.

dapo   n. term used to designate the groom during the wedding ceremony (*mida). See: danii. danii-dapo n. term designating the bride and the groom during the wedding ceremony (*mida). 

dapo   v. to cross (by stepping or walking).

 

dapo-pogyan n. cattle bucrane used as a warning sign during certain rituals to ensure that visitors do not cross the threshold that it marks.

dar   vt-r. to move or lift with a lever (stick, rod, etc.). Var: da.

dar [´dar]    vi-r. to break down, as of a tree, pole, etc. Ngiika alo si dardo. My bone is broken.

dar   vt-r. 1. to drive or lead an animal, esp. cattle 2. to move with an object (e.g. a ball) by keeping it under one's control, as in dribbling.

dar   See: da.

dara   adj. stiff, as of a cliff; sheer, as of a slope. Biidan dara.  A steep cliff.

darcha   vt-r. to move/lift something up with a lever. Var: dacha. Ant: darlo. 

dare   n.  variety of stone crush trap.

dareke [da´r:eke]   n.  bamboo shelving complex located above the main fireplace in a house, used for smoke-drying provisions and storing various things (boxes, kitchen utensils, firewood, etc.)

darhii-darkhe   vt. to move or lift around with  a lever (stick, rod, etc.). Inka ball simi lopa lo darhii-dakhehe. Go and move that ball to and from with a stick! Var: dahii-dakhe.

dari  See: daryi.

darii   vi. to stand face to face.

darii [da´ri]   adj. 1. clean; neat. 2. clear, as of water. 3. clear; evident. 4. pure/open, as of somone's heart or mind. Ant: kacho. dariija adj. cleanest. dariipa adv. cleanly; neatly; purely. Dariipa kelyato! Please write clearly! dariijapa adv. more cleanly; more neatly; more purely. Ngunuka Ziro ganda mi supun ho dariijapa busa. Let us keep our Ziro in a cleaner condition. dariiya adj. cleaner; neater; purer. darii-pyabya [da´ri pjabja] adj. clean. Ngunu Tanii miyu atan si ato ganda mi darii-pyabyadopa bulado koda ano ayakindo. It will be a good thing if we Apatanis keep our own land clean.

darlin   vt-r. to move something out with a lever. Ball mi lopa lo darlinto. Remove the ball with a stick! Var: dalin.

darlo   vt-r. to move something down with  a lever. Var: dalo. Ant: darcha. 

darnyo   adj. (of a funnel-shaped material used for filtering beer) big. Iche darnyodopa miito. Prepare for a small *sader of beer! Ant: darro.

daro [da:ro:]   adj. big, as of a step. Ant: danyo.

darre   n:num. (of a funnel-shaped material used for filtering beer) one.  O darro darre miito. Prepare one big *sader of beer!

darro   adj. (of a funnel-shaped material used for filtering beer) big.  O darro dare miito. Prepare one big *sader of beer! Ant: darnyo.

dartu   vi. to break.

daru   n. summer; hot season. Daru anyan ho. In summer. Syn: daru piilo. Ant: dorii; dorii piilo. 

daru   adj. difficult/unpleasant to stay or stand. Ant: dapyo.

daru   adj. difficult/unpleasant to beat with a stick or a tool. Ant: dapyo.

daryi   vi. to fall (as of a tree, pole, etc.). Inka sanii si daryilado. That tree is falling. Syn: dangi.

dasa   vi. to stand/stay at distance; to stay away.

daser   adj. free; without burden (staying away from causes). Syn: henser.

dasu [´dasu]   vi. 1. to stand by oneself (without someone to support). 2. to stay by oneself (without help from others). Var: dasii.

datna   n. bottle cap. From: Hindi 'dakan'. Syn: lapin-nanii; latin-nanii.

daye [da:je]   n. one pace, construed as the distance from where one foot is set down to where the other is set down. Gramm: used for referring to a particular object. When enumerating, as in school, *dakun is used in place of *daye. Var: dae; dahe.

 

daye [daje]   cop. was/were. Gramm: perfective copula or existential verb, referent standing. Hapoli so miyu giije-giije dado daye. There was a huge number of people in Hapoli. Var: dae.

dayi   v. to step down. Var: dahi.

dayi-damo   vi. to stay away from something.

dayin   vi. 1. (of a plural subject) to stand or stay together. 2. (of a plural subject) to stand or stay at the same time. Var: dahin.

de [de]  vt-r. to crack.

de   vt-r. 1. to construct a fence by binding tree or bamboo trunks together. Narun detesa. Let's go and bind the fence. 2. to bind the rim of a basket.

-de [de]   vsuff. nearby. Gramm: directional suffix indicating that the action of the verb is directed near or nearby the speaker. So adeto. Come close here!

-de...-de   vsuff. [do] again and again; keep [do]ing. Gramm: iterative aspectual suffix indicating that the action identified by the verb is repeated over and over. 

dedemiire   adj. chubby, as of a child; chunky; plump.

dego   n. crack; chink, as in the bund of a paddy field.

dekin [de´kĩ]   n. clay. dekin piichan n. clay pot .

delo   n. frame that is added to a basket during the manufacturing process to support it. delo deniin n. binding of a frame and rim on a basket.

delyan riichi   n. bell.

 

dema [´de´ma]   adj. naughty; disobedient. No hime dema! You are a bad boy/girl! demanii n. 1. the naughty one; (he) who is naughty (unspecified). 2. (in a nominal or relative phrase/clause) naughty; disobedient. Ant: denki. dema denjo n. outcome for being naugthy. Dema denjoko pa mo miinekobiine. He/she was beaten for being naughty. dema miyu nphr. 1. evil-minded person. 2. criminal. dema-roma n. criminal; bandit; lout; hoodlum.

dempyo   n. (Zool.) mouse.

denge   n. (of infants) hair of the head. denge redu vcn. ceremony during which a newborn's head is partially shaved.  

denii [deni]  n. fencing. Narun denii. Fence binding.

denki [´dẽ´ki]   adj. 1. obedient. Hime denki. Obedient child. 2. sincere. Denkisa. Let's be sincere! Var: dinki. Usage: Hija. Ant: dema. denkija adj. most obedient; most sincere. denkiniin n. docility; sincerity. denkipa adv. obediently; sincerely. denkiya adj. more obedient/sincere.

-der [dər]  vsuff. make clear. Gramm: result suffix indicating that something is made clear, or become clear, or easier to understand as a result of the action denoted by the verb. Luder. To make something clear by telling or explaining. Kader. To recognize or identify something by looking at it.  -derlama [derla:ma] cannot make clear. Gramm:  result suffix combination usually occuring on verbs of perception or comprehension, indicating a wrong perception by the subject. Ngo taderlama. I can't understand/I can't hear properly. Ngo kaderlama. I can't see properly.

di   vt-r. to detach; to peel. 

di [´di]  vt-r. to plant (in soil). Syn: dilii.

dibii narun   n. fence; barricade. See: narun. dibii rungo n. nearby forest, mainly comprised of bamboo (*bije) and pine groves. (*sansun). Encycl: the demarcation of those areas is made by digging trenches that also prevent mithuns from entering.  

dibu   n. (Agr.) fertile soil. Syn: kiidi-dibu.

dibur   n. (Zool.) mole cricket. Syn: kiidi-dibur.

dichan   n. soil. Sii dichan bedo. The cow is scratching at the ground.

dider   adj. fluent, as of a speech; articulate.

didu   See: dije. 

digo   n. 1. occupation; work. 2. purpose.

dihu   See: diyu.

dije [di´jeʔ]   n. portable rice beer vessel made of bamboo tube for carrying rice beer. Used in jungle trips and hunting expeditions. Usage: Hari, Hija. Var: didu. Usage: Hong . 

diju   n. swamp. Etym: from *kiidi, 'soil/earth', *juja, 'wet'. 

dika   n. (Zool.) variety of bird.

diko   n. (Agr.) hard soil (in a field).

dikhii   n. sand. Syn: siikhii; suru.

dikhii   n. (Agr.) barren soil. Syn: kiidi-dikhii. 

dilan [dilã]   n. (Agr.) reddish soil; reddish-brown soil. Etym: from *kiidi 'soil/earth', *lanchan, 'red'. Syn: kiidi-dilan. 

dilii   vt. to hammer in, esp. disc-like objects such as gongs.

dilin   n. (female) bun; women tresses bundled and rolled into a ball on the top of the head.

dimbo [´dimbo]   n. (Zool.) buck; male deer. Syn: siidin-dimbo. Ant: dinnii; siidin-dinnii.

dimbo   n. piece of bacon given by the seller of an ancestral land to the persons who assist the buyer during the procurement.

dimer   n. dust. Syn: piimer.

dimu   n. human hair of the head. Dinmu soye. One hair. Etym: from *adin, 'head', *amu, 'body hair'. Var: dimu.

dimpin   See: dinchu.  

dimpur   See: dinche.

dimpu [´dĩpu]   n. grey hair; white hair, as of an old person. Etym: from *adin, 'head', *pulu, 'white'.

din   vr. to beat, esp. some disc-like objects such as gongs or precious metal plates. Talo mi dinto. Beat the metal plate!

din   vt-r. to curse.

-din [dĩ]   vsuff. purposely; intentionally. Gramm: manner suffix indicating that the subject carries out the action identified by the verb with a purpose or an intention.  Mendin. To kill intentionally.

-din [dĩ]   vsuff. combined; gathered together. Gramm: result suffix indicating that two or more objects of a transitive verb are combined, joined or gathered together as a result of the action denoted by the verb. Syn: -din...-pi. Khu embo nyimi niti embo nyi mi tadinsiito. Mix the old rice with new rice together into a single heap! Laling, Kanno niinyi so Ziro chadinsiito. Laling and Kanno, you go and met each other at Ziro!

-din   vsuff. sound; noise. Gramm: result suffix indicating that the action identified by he verb produces an audible sound or noise.

-din...pi   See: -din.

dinche   vt. to break by hitting (esp. disc-like objects). Syn: dimpur.

dinchi   See: dinchu. 

dinchu   n. metal chain used to tie male hair knots (*piidin) on the forehead. Var: dinchi. Usage: Hong. Syn: dinpin.

dingyan   n. 1. supporting post of a fence (of bamboo or wood) which is stuck vertically into the ground. 2. boundary marker. dingyan ajin n. variety of ceremonial friend.

 

dingyo   vt. to whistle using a leaf, mimicking the cry of a deer in order to lure the animal to come near. Etym: from *siidin, 'deer'.

dinko   n. metal skewer inserted horizontally through the hair knot of males . dinko ranyi n. metal ring chain put on both the ends of the priest's skewer during important rituals.

dinkhii    n. unwashed sticky hair. 

dinkho   n. bald head.

dinkhu   n. bony remaining part of a head. See: dinta.

din-nanii   n. pillow.

dinnii [´dĩni]   n. (Zool.) doe; female deer. Syn: siidin-dinnii. Ant: dimbo; siidin-dimbo.

dinshii   n. plaited hair knot fastener.

dinso   n. string used for tying a male hair knot. Etym: from *adin, 'head', *yaso, 'cane rope'.

dinsu   vt. to resort to an ordeal.

dinta   n. (Anat.) scalp; area of the head where hair grows. 

dintu   vt. to comb and fix hair. 

dipa [di´pa]   vt. to detach; to peel off. Papu alyo dipato. Peel the egg shell!

dipe   n. (Agric.) hoe .

diran   See: diiran. 

 

diter ta   vcn. to prepare the soil of a rice field before cultivation, esp. by breaking up clods of earth with a hoe.

ditin   n. cliff.

ditun   n. ceremony; ritual. ditun-potun n. collective ceremony; festival. ditun-soniin n. ceremonial procession.

diya   n. (Agric.) unfertile soil (esp. referring to clayish soil). Syn: kiidi-diya.

diyu   n. marsh; swamp; marshy land.  Var: dihu.

dii [´di]   vt-r. to eat. apin dii vcn. to have a meal; to eat. Apin diisa kan. Dining table si joto doke. Let's have meal! It's ready on the dining table.

dii   vr. to react; to respond to a medicine.

-dii [di]   vsuff. may [do].  Gramm: presumptive modal suffix indicating that there is a chance or possibility for the action denoted by the verb to happen.

-dii [di]   vsuff. shortened. Gramm: result suffix indicating that something is shortened as a result of the action identified by the verb.

 

diiba   vt. (of a plural subject) to eat together. Syn: diiba-diika. Ngo diipyo ako mi diiba-diikasiinando. I want to eat some nice food [along with others].

diiber   vt. to eat too much of something and have one's body reacting badly later on. Usage: always used for making negative remarks.

diibi   vt. to eat on someone else's behalf.

diibi   vt. to eat with pleasure.

diibi   vt. to eat in a wasteful manner.

diibin   vt. (of a plural subject) to eat together.

diibo   n. collective name for those claiming descent from the ancestor Tasso Darbo. Encycl: Mudang Tage, Bamin-Michi and Dutta villages belong to the same *diibo.

diibo   vt. to eat along with others.

diibun   adj. greedy for food; gluttonous; voracious. diibun-tanbun n.  greedy for food and drink; gluttonous. 

diibyan   adj. sufficient, as of food. Syn: diibyan-tanbyan. 

diibyan   vt. to eat some more (in addition to something already eaten). Niika ahu mi diibyan diitinsiidupa apin abuje diito. Eat more food to make your body healthy.

diibyoho   vt. to eat/have a meal as formal ending of certain rituals such as *uyi anyo. 

diicher   adj. selective or discriminating with food; choosy about food. Usage: Bulla. Var: diichi. Usage: Hija. diicher-tancher adj. choosy about food and drink. Usage: Bulla. Var: diichi-tanchi. Usage: Hija. 

diiche   vt. to share/divide food. diiche-tanche vt. to share/divide provisions. 

diichi   See: diicher. diichi-tanchi See: diicher-tancher.

diichin   vt. to know how to eat.

diide   vt. to eat until sated; to satisfy fully one's hunger; to eat one's fill.

diidii   1. n. poisonous food. 2. adj. poisonous to eat. Diidii tayin. Poisonous mushroom. diidii giinii n. 1.  poisoner; poisonous agent.  2. (in a nominal, adjectival or relative phrase/clause) poisonous.

diidin   vt. to eat intentionally.

diidu   n. time for eating. Alyin apin diidu doku. It's dinner time.

diiga   1. adj. voracious. 2. vt. to eat voraciously. Ngo apin diigamato. I was not a voracious eater/I did not eat voraciously.

diigo   1. n. food; provisions; eatables; food or meal to be eaten. No alyi mi diigo hoto ha? Did you give food to the pigs? Diigo diila la miyu sandu. Humans live on food. Ngo diigo diimarampa achi. I will come before the meal. Ngo diigo diissaniin mi ahiitoku. I have forgotten to eat the meal/I have forgotten the food. Syn: apin diigo. 2. one's turn to eat. 3. (of some food) someone's share. diigo-tango n. 1. food (in general). 2. food and drink. Ngunupa diigo-tango iche mebii. Arrange some food and drink for us. Diipyo-tansonan ela, hangii diigo-tango nyima sii ha? I feel like eating something, have you got something to eat? Diigo-tango miiju-miimyonii. Preparation of food and drink items, esp. before the commencement of festivities.

diigo   vt. 1. to eat first (overtaking or excluding others). 2. to eat on turn; to eat one's share. diigo-diilo vt. to compete to finish the food. diigojapa dii vca. to be the earliest to eat (before all others).

diigo   vt. to leave out something while eating; to leave something uneaten.

diigo-diilo   vi. to compete to finish the food.

diiha-diika   adj. unpleasant to eat. Ant: diipyo.

diihi-diimi   adj. choosy about food.

diihin   See: diiyin. 

diihi-tanhi   adj. choosy about food and drink.

diiho-luho   vt. to offend. 

diija   vt. to finish eating.

diijo   n. reward or benefit of eating.

diijo   vt. to keep eating as one moves. 

diijo-diimyo   vt. to eat frugally.

diika   vt. (of food) to try; to have a taste; to eat as a test or trial.

diikan   vt. to eat  for a long time or beyond the allotted time. 

diiko   n. place for eating; dining room; kitchen.

diiko-lupe   v. to meddle. Usage: Bulla.

diikun   vt. (of a plural subject) to eat collectively, to eat together. diikun-tankun vt. to have/enjoy a meal together.

diikha   adj. to eat up; to consume food completely. Aki paku mi diikhabiine. The dog has eaten up all the rice on the plate (until the very last bite). Aki, paku daka apin mi diikhapabiine. The dog completely finished off the rice on the plate.

 

diikhin   adj. addicted (unable to give up a habit).

 

diikhii   1. vt. to kill by eating.  Aki mi takhe si diikhiitabiido. The tick is about to kill the dog by sucking its blood. Balu ho haman atan mi mubu hii diikhiitabiido. Ashes from hearth are harming the vegetables in the garden  (lit. 'are about to kill by eating').  2. vi. to die from ingestion of poisonous food.

diikhii   vt.  to suppress one's desire to eat; to kill the appetite. Kolo ka hulyi diiniin hii ngiimi diikhiibiineku. The lard I ate the day before yesterday suppressed my desire to eat pork anymore. 2.  to swear not to repeat eating something after having had a bad experience.

 

diikhiin   vt. to feel dizziness after eating.

 

diikho   vi. to consume food in an exagerate and wasteful manner. diikho-tankho vi. to become poor after spending one's provisions lavishly for enjoyment. 

 

diikhu   n. leftovers of eatables, e.g. some discarded food. Ngo diikhu mi diitema. I won't eat the leftovers. Syn: diikhu-tankhu.

diile   n. leftovers of eatables, e.g. leftovers of a meal which can be preserved.

diilo   n. (Agr.) paddy grain meant to be unhusked, which is kept in the sun for drying. Ane nesu ho diilo chahane. Mummy has gone to collect rice to be unhusked from the granary.  See: du. diilo aloniin n. (Agr.) drying of rice grain on sunlight. diilo huniin n. (Agr.) 1. paddy husking (i.e. removal of the outer cover of grains).  2. pounding of rice grain. Syn: du huniin.

diilyi-diilo   adj. (of a scene) grand/beautiful.

diilyo   vt. to eat in an improper way.

diilii kiiche   n. bamboo cup traditionally used as a unit for measuring quantities of rice and millet. Syn: kiiche.

diilyan paku   n. (Zool.) Mountain Imperial Pigeon (Ducula badia) .

-diima [dima]   vsuff. 1. may not [do]. Gramm: presumptive modal suffix combination indicating that there is a chance or possibility for the action denoted by the verb not to happen. 2. would not [do]. Ngo no tii koda, siilo school indiima. If I were you, I wouldn't go to school today.

diima-hama   adj. dishonest. diima-hama miiniin nphr. 1. dishonest act. 2. ritual performed by the priest on the fourth day of *Myoko consisting of throwing a split *tajer. Syn: tajer chiniin. 

 

-diimane [dimane]   vsuff. 1. may not have [done]. Gramm: presumptive modal suffix combination indicating that there is a chance or possibility that the action denoted by the verb did not happen. 2. would not have [done].

diimanii 1. n. one who does not eat (unspecified). 2. adj. (in a nominal or relatived phrase/clause) non edible; non comestible.

diimaniin [´dimanĩ]   n. non edible thing; non comestible thing.

diimasanii   n. thing that is not to be eaten; thing that one should not eat. Syn: disamanii/diisiimanii.

diime   n. famine.

diimin   vt. to eat something to pass time.

diimo   vt. to stop eating.

diinan-tanannii   n. food; cuisine. 

dii'ngo   n. food leftover, e.g. leftovers of a meal. Syn: diingo-ta'ngo.

dii'ngo   n. to stop eating.

diinii [´dini]   n. 1. eater; one who eats (non specified). 2. (in a nominal or nominal phrase/clause) who eat(s); that eat(s). Ngiila atan hii, achu-amyo atu atan diinii piita. Owls are birds that eat small animals. diinii-barnii n. term of reference describing the wives of the male members of a  given patrikin or clan. 

diinii palyo   n. ritual element of sacrificial altars. See: palyo .

diiniin [´dinĩ]  n. 1. food; eating; consumption. 2. act or state of eating. ahi diiniin n. formal distribution and consumption of the blood of the sacrificied pig by clan members during *Myoko. diiniin-tanniin n.  provisions; sustenance; food and drink.

diinyo-miinyo   vt. to practise.

 

diipa   n. part of the marriage ceremony, a symbolic reciprocation made by the bride's family for the bride price (*ari) previously received from the groom's family. Syn: diipa ari.

 

diipa   vt. to eat away. Ayu ho ingo-miigo asubo hii diigo-tango diipamane. In olden days, those who were lazy at work were deprived of food.

diipu   vt. to eat something by mistake or inadvertently.

diipyo [´dipjo]   1. adj. (of food) tasty; delicious to eat. Diipyodo ka ah. It tastes good, doesn't it? Diipyo kapa ela! It looks appetizing! Ant: diiha-diikha. 2. n. pleasant food; tasty food. Ngo diipyo ako mi diiba-diikasiinan do. I want to eat some nice food [along with others].

 

diipyo [´di´pjo:]   vt. to eat first; to eat before anyone else does. Diipyosa! Let's eat first! Diipyonii atan so linto. Those who have taken their meal, come here.

diipyo  [´diprjo]  vt. to eat something for refreshment. Syn: diipyo-diiso. diipyo-nanii n. food like pickle, salad, *pike-pila, betel nut etc. taken to refresh ones mouth. Agun diipyo-nanii pa nimbu pere bipe. Give me a slice of lemon to refresh my mouth.

diipyo [di´pjo:]   1. vt. to steal. 2. n. thief. Diipyo hargiilyi ke, chituto. The thief is  going to run away, catch him! diipyo-ipo n. illicit act. diipyo-nanii n. instrument, tool used for commiting theft or burglary. diipyonii n. 1. one who steals (unspecified); thief, burglar. 2. (in a nominal or relative phrase/clause) who steal(s).

diipyo ahi   n. (Anat.) canine tooth. See: hipya; hiran.

diipyo-tanso 1. n. food or spices taken along with beer. 2. to eat diipyo-tansonan vi. to feel like eating something; to be feeling hungry. Diipiyo-tansonan ela, hangii diigo-tango nyima sii ha? I feel like eating something- have you got something to eat?

diira   vt. to eat up; to finish one's food; to eat all of one's food. Table daka apin diira paku mi lachunto. Hide the dirty plates that are on the table!

diirada   adv. next year.

diira-lonyan   n:time in coming years, in future.

diiran   n. 1. principal gift to be presented by the groom's family to the  bride's parents. 2. by extension, principal recipient of the bride price at the wedding. Encycl: usually this role is played by the father of the bride or, in the absence of the bride's parents, a brother (real). Altogether with *lache and *mechu, this person is in charge of assisting the bride during the wedding and later the married wife for the duration of her marriage. diiran yakhan n. traditional unit of measure corresponding approximately to 35 kilogramms of unhusked rice, which is expected as a contribution from a married woman's *diiran on certain occasions such as *murun.

 

diiran sankhan   n. (Bot.) variety of forest plant bearing edible berries resembling bluberries, also used for its medicinal properties. Var: diiran sanchi. Usage: Hong.

diire tanche   n. glutton; (of a person) who eats too much.

diiri  [´di´ri:] n. 1. buying or borrowing of food (esp. food-grains) in time of scarcity, or by anticipation to protect oneself against a shortage of food. 2. name of a major festival. Syn: Dree. Var: ei in. Usage: Hong. Encycl: originally a ritual performed at the village oldest *lapan when the saplings were transplanted from nurseries to the field, in order to protect the plants from pests by propitiating the gods and goddesses who, according to oral tradition, helped Abo Tani to get bumper crops by controlling harmful insects and other pests. Since 1967, has become a centralized agricultural festival celebrated on 4th, 5th and 6th July every year at Nenchaleya, Old Ziro, and Itanagar. Includes traditional dances, cultural shows, etc. diiri barniin n. priest chanting during the performance of Dree rituals. diiri beniin n. ritual chanting of the priest in each village at the inauguration of *Dree festival in the evening of the 4th July. diiri gora n. person who assists the priest during *Dree ritual. diiri hulo n. prosperity. Ngunuka Ziro ganda, ngunu Tanii miyu mika diiri hulo bulyingiiko ganda. Ziro, the place where our people flourished and prospered. diiri janda torniin n. unfurling of the Dree flag. diiri kholi n. person appointed as a representative of his clan, whose duty is to inform the people about the date of performance of Dree rituals, to collect and store small quantity of rice or millet from each individual in order to meet the expenditure of the ceremony, to  prepare rice beer and collect the sacrificial animals. Syn: diiri gora. diiri pachi n. belongings. Diiri pachi simi oye nulyan-nudato. Tidy up your personal belongings! diiri piilo n. the month during which Dree festival is celebrated, traditionally from mid-June to mid-July. Literally 'the month for buying/borrowing food'. diiri pogyan n. altar erected during Dree festival. diiri subu paniin n. sacrifice of a mithun in the name of *Danyi-Piilo, one major event of Dree festival. aler diiri n. ornaments, in general.

diiri   vt. to begin to eat. 

diirii   adj. delayed; late. Syn: diirii lolyan.

diiro   n. medicine. Diiro miima siijalopa, ngiika une henpyoyama. My wound is not healing even after applying medicine. Ngiika adin achi mi diiro diitinsiitii. I ate some medicine to stop my headache. Syn: diiro-yasi.

diiro   See: diibyoho.

diiru   adj. difficult or unpleasant to eat. Ant: diipyo. 

diisii   1. adj. edible. 2. adj. suitable for use as food. 3. n. eatables. Syn: diisii-tansii.

diisaniin   n. 1. substance that is being eaten; food; eatables. 2. substance that can be used as food. Syn: diisiiniin. Usage: Bulla. Ngo diigo diisiiniin mi ahiitoku. I have forgotten to eat the meal/I have forgotten the food. diisamanii [´disimanĩ]  n. thing not to be eaten; thing that one should not eat.

diite   vt. to go and eat; to eat out. Apin miiyo, piijoda ngunu restaurant ho diitesa. Don't cook meal, later on we shall eat out at a restaurant.

diitin   vt. to eat something so as to stop or block something, e.g. a disease. Ngiika adin achi mi diiro diitinsiitii. I ate some medicine to stop my headache. Niika ahu mi diibyan diitinsiidupa apin abuje diito.  Eat more food to make your body healthy.

diitii   vt. to finish a meal.

diitun   n. dose. Diitun ronnge, ronye, rohin. One, two, three dose(s).

diiya   v. to clash over eating something.

diiyin   vt. (of a plural subject) to eat together. Var: diihin.

do [do:]   cop. 1. to be; to exist; to be available; to lie. Gramm: existential verb, referent lying. Usage: elements of landscape (forest, mountain, river), houses, buildings, furniture and objects in general are conceptualised as being in a lying posture.  Intosi putu puro puye do. There is/lies one big mountain. San ude ho do. A table lies in the house/there is a table in the house. Intoso ngiika ude do. My house lies there. Hong, Bulla nyika liipa ho Hari lemba do. Hari village is located between Hong and Bulla. Alyi hetenii sanii atan si giyo-gichi gila donyado. The trees which have been uprooted by the wind lie around haphazardly on the ground. Ant: nyima. 2. to be in a lying posture; to lie down.

-do [do:]   vsuff. 1. [do]. Gramm: aspectual suffix indicating that the action denoted by the verb is currently unfolding. Usually translates the English Present Simple. 2. be [do]ing. Gramm: imperfective aspectual suffix, indicating that the action of the verb is ongoing. Usually translates English Present Continuous. 3. [did] (proximal past). Gramm: perfective aspectual suffix indicating that the action of the verb has just been completed or has been completed recently. Obin ludo mo ami riibitalyi la. Obin said that he would buy a cat. See: -du.

dobo    vi. to lie down with someone.

dodin-dolo   n. world.  Syn: doha-dolo.

dodu   1. n. drop. 2. vi. to leak.

doe   See: doye

dogin   vt. to obstruct smooth sleeping and cause discomfort. Siika marble si dogin gii ha byo ha. I can't sleep with this marble (in my pocket)!

dogii   vt. to allow someone to lay/sleep with oneself.

dogyo   vi. (of a plural subject) to lie together. Aki nyimi alyi nyimi dogyosiikiinento. Let the dog lie with the pig.

dogyo-doyi   adv. randomly mixed up. Kheta atan si dogyo-dolyi dotokula, History kheta mi mepakuma. I could not find the History book as books are randomly mixed up.

doha   n. world. Syn: doha-dolo; dodin-dolo. doha liipa n. 1. middle of the world. 2. central area in a traditional Apatani house. doha liipa ho advphr. everywhere.

 

doji ropo   n. (Zool.) Asian Fairy Bluebird (Irena puella), a medium-sized passerine bird having the upper plumage shining ultra-marine blue .

doku   n. variety of necklace worn by women.

dokun   n. meeting.

dokho achan   n. sacrificial altar of the house .

doli   n. fever; sickness. doli achi vcn. to be feverish. Ngo biilyo doli achiladoto, hiika hopa school amato. Yesterday I was having fever so I didn't come to school.  doli sarin n. fever; disease; ailment.

dolya   n. lightning. Yapun ho dolya byone. There were flashes of lightning in the sky.

dolya   n. to stay (in a lying posture) or lie for a while; to wait (in a lying posture); to lie temporarily.

dolyan   vi. to change one's position when lying or sleeping.

dolyan riichan n. priestly bell used in rituals. dolyan tachan n. (Zool.) swift.

dolyu   vi. to become lost or forgotten. Pagi hii dolyulama. A debt cannot be forgotten.

domin   adj. cloudy; rainy. Ant: donge. domin-donge n. fatigue, tiredness or pain, esp. due to old age.

domin   n. 1. variety of bead. 2. necklace worn by women made of *domin beads.

domo   vi. to stop; to rest. Gari domone. The vehicle stopped. No bus jalo tempo latulakindo. Hiika atan inka arun so domodu. You can take a bus or a tempo. They stop over here. Car hii market agya si domoto la do. The car is parked just in front of the entrance of the market. Syn: dumo; hemo.

domolya   vi. to halt; to stop for a while.

dompo turla   n. 1. variety of large sized bamboo mug used during ceremonies. 2. a measure of rice collected from *dompo turla.

domu   adj. overcast/cloudy, as of the sky.

don   vt-r. to stitch.

done   cop. was/were. Gramm: perfective copula or existential verb, referent liying. Bazar ho haman done. There were vegetables in the market.

donge   adj. sunny. Ant: domin. 

donii [do:ni]   1. n. one who is lying (unspecified); lying person. 2. n. one who exists or is available; thing that exists or is available. 3. adj. (in a nominal or relative phrase/clause) existing; available.

doniibo [do:nibo]   n. 1. the one who is lying (specified); the lying person. 2. the one who exists or is available.

donnya   n. sunny day.

dopa   n. pebble or stone as element of a children's game that is favoured especially by girls.

dopa   n. ember/glowing piece of charcoal taken from the hearth, on which one spits out. Encycl: according to an ancestral belief this is used as  a remedy against nausea.

dopa   vi. to lie or remain useless, unused, neglected or ignored. Ngo college ihanku ke la ngiika school uniform si ane dopadoku. My school uniform remained unused after I joined the College. Pagi hii dopama. Debts do not fade away.

 

-dopa [´dopa]  vsuff. so that. Gramm: suffix combination added to verb and adjective roots in order to form adverbial clauses of purpose. May also be used to form an equivalent of the English 'gerund mood', or adverbial form of the verb, to express the idea of the verb while indicating a circumstance relative to another verb in the sentence (as in English 'I read while listening to the radio'). Mo ngiimi hiinyandopa lubiine. His/her talks made me shameful. Hiika balu mi babindopa miito! Weed that homegarden properly (i.e. so that all weeds are removed). Sarii ngiimi hiinyan mohidadopa gada. The teacher scolded me in such a way that I felt  ashamed. Abu kela la niimi henga-henkhadopa miibitama sii ke. I will not trouble you by writing too long. Ngunuka Ziro mi kapyodopa busa! Let's keep our Ziro beautiful! Aba ka hadii mi Ane yanudopa lulobiineku. The mother calmed down the father's anger. Ngo kabobiikele Tapu mi aladopa kapato. As I looked across, I saw Tapu coming. Ngo momi imidopa kapato. I saw him/her sleeping. Syn: -dupa. Ngiika oho hii, abi-tarii atan mi school indupa riilaku lala, siisi intekuma luda. My child, after buying clothes to go to school, has now refused to go.

dopii   vi. to lie or be lying with heads facing each other, as of two persons sleeping together. See: doshi.

dopun miido   n. fine rain taking place in the sunshine; drizzle on a sunny day.

dopya   n. jungle rat trap using a stone slab. Syn: kubu dopya.

dor   vr. to be/become captive or hostage.

dor- [dor]   class. classifier for large-sized quadrupeds, four-wheeled motor vehicles. dore, dornye, dorhinnge, dorpe, dorngohe, dorkhe, dorkanuhe, dorpinye, dorkoahe, dorlyanhe. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 quadrupeds, birds or motor vehicles.

 

doran [dorã]   vi. to be still available; to still exist. Ngo siisi lohepa vacation doran. So far I am still on vacation. doran-dotu adj. sufficient; enough. Ant : doran-dotuma.

-doran [dorã]   vsuff. still [do]ing. Gramm: continuative aspectual suffix combination indicating that the action denoted by the verb is still unfolding. Anyo apin diidoran. Anyo is still eating food. Mo luladoran. He/she is still speaking. Ngo siisida ude ho adukuran. I 'm just coming back home.

-dorampa [dorãpa]  vsuff. while; during. Gramm: concurrent suffix combination, indicating a simultaneity between two actions. Mo kedorampa.... While he/she was writing...

 

dore [dore]   n:num. (of a four-legged animal or a vehicle) one. Gramm: used for referring to a particular object. When enumerating, as in school, *dorkun is used in place of *dore. See: dor.

dorgi   n. (Zool.) earthworm.

dorgu   See: durgu.

dorii   n. winter; cold season. Syn: dorii piilo; tapin piilo.

dorii   vi. to lie or be lying face to face; to face someone or something in a liying position.

dorkun [dor´kuŋ]   n:num. (of four-legged animals or vehicles) one. Gramm: by enumeration only, i.e. without referring to any particular object, as in school or in a list. When referring to one object in particular, *dore is used in place of *dorkun. 

dorma   n. salary; wage. From: Assamese.

dornii   n. one who is held in captivity or hostage (unspecified).

dorniin   n. captivity; imprisonment; arrest.

dornyo   adj. (of a quadruped or a vehicle) small. Niika subu si ano dornyodo. Your mithun is very small. Ant: dorro.

dorro   adj. (of a quadruped or a vehicle) big. Moka subu hii ano dorrone. His mithun was very big. Ant: dornyo.

dorlan   adj. brown or reddish in colour, as of a quadruped.

dorsa   n:qual. (of two or more large-sized quadrupeds, four wheeled motor vehicles) 1. distinct; different. 2. one  set for each. Gramm: post-nominal qualifying noun. 

doshi   vi. (of two persons) to lie or be lying in a 69 position, one's legs facing other's head. See: dopii.

doter   n. end.

dotin   vt. to block (a passage, etc.) by laying something.

doye   cop. was/were. Gramm: perfective copula or existential verb, referent lying. Apin nyimapa yo adin doye. There was no rice, only meat was available. 

-doye   adjsuff. was/were. Gramm: temporal suffix added to adjectives to mark the past tense. Sanii biko-biko ohodoye. The tree was very tall and  swaying to the wind. Var: doe.

doyi    vi. to sleep together (usually with one's peer group). doyi ajin n. friends who sleep together.

Dree   See: diiri. 

du [du:]   n. (Agr.) rice set apart for pounding.

 

du- [du]  class. bamboo section used as a receptacle. Gramm:  classifier (root form) prefixing numerals and certain monosyllabic adjectival roots. Used for utensils such as 1. bamboo mugs. 2. steam-cooking pots. 3. storage containers made of bamboo sections. 4. mortars. duye, dunye, duhinnge, dupe, du'ngohe, dukhe, dukanuhe, dupinye, dukoahe, dulyanhe 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 bamboo mug(s)/steam-cooking pot(s)/bamboo tube receptacle(s)/mortars.

 

du [´du:]   cop. 1. to be (in a sitting posture); to lie. Gramm: existential verb, referent sitting. Usage: plants, esp. those having a straight stem or trunk, are conceptualised as being in a lying posture. Aki hii intosi du. The dog is sitting there. Bachi more ho ahi du. Bachin is a fruit that grows in the wild. Ant: nyima.  2. to sit.  3. to stay. 

du   vi-r. (esp. of liquids) to drop. Syn: duyi. 

du   vi-r. (esp. of heart) to beat. 

du [du:]  vt-r. to offer to sell something; to propose for sale.

du   See: dur.

du   part. intensifier. Hiila miitotiika du. Do it like this.  

-du [du:]   vsuff. 1. [do]. Gramm: aspectual suffix indicating that the action denoted by the verb is currently unfolding. Usually translates the English Present Simple. 2. be [do]ing. Gramm: imperfective aspectual suffix, indicating that the action of the verb is ongoing. Usually translates English Present Continuous. Aba-amanyi aji miidu. Mom and dad are working in the fields. 3. [did] (proximal past). Gramm: perfective aspectual suffix indicating that the action of the verb has just been completed or has been completed recently. More appropriate in the first person. Nunu pa ngo apin miibiidu. I have prepared a meal for you. Ngunu Ziro hokii todu. We came  (just now) from Ziro. See: -do. 4. [do] in general, as a habit, as a rule. Gramm: stative aspectual suffix. Marks the habitual present, used as a general statement to suggest things that occur in the present as habitual events, though not necessarily happening right now. Mo school indu. He/she goes to school (as a regular activity). Tara-lu ka ude ho ano yo khiigadu. There is always some meat being cooked in Tara's home.

 

-du [du]    vsuff. it seems that; maybe; probably. Gramm: uncertainty suffix indicating that the speaker is not sure  whether the information brought out by him is the case, but guesses or deduces it is the case. Typically occurs just before final suffixes *-du and *-do. No rengiidudo. You must be (feeling) tired. Tarun ka ude si uyi miilado nii, ngoya ako hachedudo. A ritual is being performed at Tarun's house, I guess there is some trouble there.

 

-du   vsuff. damaged; destroyed. Gramm: result suffix indicating that something is damaged or destroyed as a result of the action of the verb. 

 

-du   vsuff. time (for). Gramm: nominalizing suffix to verb roots deriving a noun with the basic meaning 'time for', 'time of' the action indicated by the verb. Aji indu. Time for going to paddy fields (in the morning). Alo apin diidu. Lunch time. Danyi chadu. Sunrise. Danyi adu. Sunset.

du-   class. classifier for bamboo containers for water. Etym: from *sudu, 'bamboo section used as container'.

duba   vi. (of a plural subject) to sit together. Niinyi dubasiito. Both of you sit together! duba-daba vi. to live together; to stay together.

 

duba   See: durba. 

dubi   vi. to sit on someone else's behalf/to sit for someone. Dukun ho ngo Tallo pa dubite. I sat in the meeting for Tallo.

dubin   vi. (of a plural subject) to sit together; to share a seat.

dubin   See: durbin. 

dubo   vi. to sit along with others. Ngo, moluka agin ho dubotalyi. I will stay/sit with them.

ducha   vi. 1. to sit at an upper place. 2. to move up to sit.

ducha   vi. to get excited. Syn: sacha.

duchin   vi. to know how to sit. Ii'nga si duchindoku. This baby has learnt how to sit.

dudin   vi. to sit intentionally.

dudu   vi. to live; to reside. Tanii miyu-lu Ziro ho dudu. Tanii people live in Ziro. Does he live here in this colony? Molu nunuka colony ho dududo hiila (ngo) henhankiile. I thought they live in your colony.

dudunii   n. place for living; residence; domicile.

due   See: duye

dugin   vt. to obstruct smooth sitting and cause discomfort. Wallet si achi dugingiido ke ah. Sitting with my wallet (in my back pocket) hurts!

dugo-dulyo   vi. to sit in a mixed state; to be seated unproperly or uncomfortably.

dugya   See: ingya.

dugya   vi. to sit wrongly.

duha   vi. 1. to sit (in). 2. to come and sit somewhere. Apin diisa kan. Dining table si joto doke. So duhato. Let's have meal! It's ready on the dining table. Come sit here!

duhi   vt. to vacate a sit.

duhi   tobacco. Syn: muku. duhi yachu n. tobacco box, esp. kept by women.

duhu   vt. (Agr.) to husk paddy. Niika oho hunyi ngo duhula datone abiikukiile. Your son came into the house while I was husking paddy. duhu-hunyi n. (Agr.) wooden pestle for grinding rice grain and millet.

 

dui gonchi n. (Zool.) variety of dragonfly with a characteristic black stripe. Usage: Hari. Var: dui konchi; kiimer yapo. Usage: Hija .

dujo   n. commission paid to a mediator (*kiri dun; *kiri in) in a trade deal. Syn: dujo mudu. See: kiri dun.

dukan   n. shop; store. From: Hindi. Nii dukan hokii no papu riibii? From which shop did you buy eggs? dukan ato n. shopkeeper.

duko   n. 1. place (for sitting). Kone abi ato-ato duko ho duto! Everybody sit in your own place!  Noho moluka duko do? Where is their sitting place? 2. place for staying; accomodation.  Molupa duko mebitii ha? Have you arranged accomodation for them? duko-dako n. accomodation; place for staying.

duko   See: durko. 

dukun   n:num. (of bamboo section used as a receptacle) one. Gramm: when enumerating only, i.e. without referring to a particular object, as in school or in a list. When referring to one object in particular, *duye is used in place of *dukun.

dukun   1.  vi. (of a plural subject) to sit collectively; to sit together. 2. vi. to be together; to gather. Siilyin ngiiko ho dukunsa. Let's gather at my place tonight/this evening. 3. n. meeting. Dukun ho ngo Tallo pa dubite. I sat in the meeting for Tallo.

dukha   vi. to fail to sit.

dukhu-palyo   n. luggage. Ngiika dukhu-palyo mi joliimon pe kan. You got to help me carry my luggage and all. Usage: Bulla, Hari.

dula   n. rope to tie dogs. Dula lo aki randu. One ties dogs with ropes. Syn: aki dula.

dulu   n. traditional system of giving a person (called *dulu kanii) the responsibility to look after one's s animals that are raised in a semi-domesticated condition, such as mithuns, cows and goats. dulu apin n. community meal taken by all participants of a *penii at the house of the performer of a *murun after returning from the procession. Syn: penii apin, penii innii apin.  dulu iisan lyokasiiniin n. high jump competition displayed by the youngsters during the procession (*penii-inniin) of a *murun. Encycl: in olden days jumping over a bamboo pole was popular among the Apatanis during major festivals such as *Myoko and *murun. dulu kanii n. person who is entrusted with looking after a person's cattle raised in semi-domesticated condition. Encycl: this person is periodically awarded with a calf as a token. dulu koda giiniin n. distribution of meat during the *penii procession coordinated by the *buniin ajin of the performer during a *murun. dulu paniin n. slicing of mithun and cow meat into pieces for public distribution during a *murun. dulu sogyan n. name of a penalty imposed in case of theft or killing of cattle.

dulya   vi. to stay or sit for a while; to wait (in a sitting posture); to sit temporarily. Iche dulyato. Please wait a moment ! (addressee in a sittting posture).

dumbin   adj. bald.

dumin   adj. normal; casual; standard. dumin khiiju nphr. casual rate.

dumo   vi-r. to rest; to have a break; to relax. Sanii iko ho dumosa. Let's take a rest under the tree. Mo dumolyi ho biisi ayu yutii. He used to sing traditional songs when relaxing/resting. Seminar 10 baji hokii sii miikindo nii. Kiije, arun-are ako da, dumosa. The seminar starts at 10 o'clock. Let's go and relax somewhere. Syn: domo; hemo.

dumolya   vi-r. to rest/relax for a while. Dumolyato. Ngo sa miito so. Sit and make yourself comfortable. I'll make some tea.

dumya   vt. (of liquids) to stain by falling onto something. 

-dun   vsuff.  around. Gramm: directional suffix generally restricted to verbs of motion, indicating that the subject moves around in performing the action indicated by the verb. Sodun. To roam around.

dune   cop. was/were. Gramm: perfective copula or existential verb, referent sitting. Tapu inso ho dune. Tapu was (sitting) there.

dunii [´du:ni]   n. 1. one who is sitting or staying (unspecified). 2. (in a nominal or relative phrase/clause) who sit(s) or is seated; (as of plants) which lie(s). duniibo n. one who is sitting or seated (specified). No inka car hoka duniibo miyu mi kaladu ha? Do you know that man who is sitting in the car?

dunii   vi. to sit nearby.

duniin   n. (of heart) beat. 

dunyan   n. (Bot.) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum). From: Assamese 'Dhoniya'. Var: dunya.

dupyo   vi. to sit first; to sit before anyone else does. 

-dupa   See: -dopa. -dupa la vsuff. so that; for; in order to. Gramm: suffix combination added to verb and adjective roots followed by coordinating conjunction 'la'  used to form adverbial clauses of purpose; gives the basic sense 'for the purpose of', 'in order to', 'so that'. Mo ude miidupa la bije nalado. He/she is collecting bamboos for building a house. Inpepa la innge. Go till the destination is reached. Police diipyonii mi latudupa la tulyaladu. The police is waiting to catch the thief. Lenda miidupa la putu mi khololado. In order to make a road they are digging/cutting down the soil of the hill. Niika ahu mi diibyan diitinsiidupa apin abuje diito. Eat more food to make your body healthy. See: -pa la.

 

dupu   vi. (of water or any other non staining liquid) to fall onto something. Yasi dupudo. Water is falling (onto something). See: dumya.

dur   vt-r. to dig (esp. soil) by using some pointed tool (stick, rod, etc.); to dig out; to turn over; to push or move earth; to excavate. Alyi atan ka nyago hii ano alerdo.  Molu kiidi mi buldozzer hiilyan durlado. Pigs  have very powerful snouts. They can turn over the ground like bulldozers. Toro kiidi durdo. The Stag Beetle is digging the soil. Var: du.

 

-duran [durã]   vsuff. still [do]ing. Gramm: continuative aspectual suffix combination indicating that the action denoted by the verb is still unfolding. Ngo apin diiduran. I'm still eating food. 

durba   vt. (of a plural subject) to dig together. Var: duba.

durbin   vt. (of a plural subject) to dig together. Var: dubin.

durgu   n.  wooden board or plate. Var: dorgu. alyi durgu n. pig wooden trough.

duri   vi. to start sitting.

durko   vt. to make a hole by digging. Var: duko.

durii   vi. to sit or be seated face to face. durii-darii vi. to live together or face to face.

durniin   n. digging. kiidi durniin. n. soil digging. Syn: heniin.

dusa   n:qual. (of two or more bamboo receptacles) 1. distinct; different. 2. one set for each. Gramm: post-nominal qualifying noun. Etym: from*sudu, 'bamboo section used as a container'.

dusa   vi. to sit at a distance.

dutin [du:´tĩ]   n. 1. stool made of wooden slabs decorated with small design on which the priest sits for reciting incantations. 2. stool (generic), esp. the Assamese variety called 'pera' made of small blocks of wood. dutin-nanii n. stool.

duye   n:num. (of bamboo section used as a receptacles) one.  Gramm: used for referring to a particular object. When enumerating, as in school, *dakun is used instead. See: du-.

duye   cop. was/were. Gramm: perfective copula or existential verb, referent sitting. Nunuko mi duye ha? Was there anyone at your place? Var: due.

duyi   vi. (esp. of liquids) to fall down. Miido-dodu duyido. Raindrops are falling.

duyin   vi.  (of a plural subject) to sit together.Var: duhin.