rafter  n. paga

 

rafter (roof) n. nalye  

 

railings on the veranda n. riibii

 

raise (platform)

vt. bacha

vt. pucha

rain n. miido/mudo

  

rainbow n. nyime yaru

 

raindrop n. miido-dodu

 

raised (surface) n. puntu

 

randomly adv. henko-henko

 

rascal n. suru donyo 

 

rather (than)  part. ya

rat (generic) n. kubu

 

rat (variety) 

n. buko

n.  chantu

n. uyi kubu/pihan

rat excrements n. bui

 

rat trap using a stone slab n. dopya/kubu dopya

 

Rattan Palm (Calamus acantospathus) n. taser

 

raven n. piiha/puha

 

raw adj. ayi

 

raw meat n. arpe

 

react vr. dii

 

read

vt. puri

vt. ri

real adj. jije

 

reality n. jije

 

really adv. jijepa

 

really (emphatic) vsuff. -bii

 

rear vt-r. asho/aso

 

rear (an animal) vt-r. shu

 

rear (a child)  

vt-r. shu

vt. sangii

rearing n. ashoniin/asoniin

 

rebound vi-r. cho

 

rebuff vt. nyadu-nyabo

 

rebuke vt-r. ga

 

recently adv. ayumada

 

reciprocally vsuff. -ko...-pe

 

reckless adj. bepa-beya

 

recognize 

vt. kachin

vt. kader

vt. kala

recreate (play) vi. somin-ngarmin

 

rectal prolapse n. ilyin poliniin

 

recur vi. lyiti 

 

red adj. lanchan

 

red (bright) adj. lanchan-lankho

 

red (dark) adj. lanchan koman

 

red (deep) adj. lanchan kiina

 

Red-billed Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) n. lyaso

 

Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) n. rahe

 

Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus) n. parsin

Red-tailed Loach (Aborichthys elongatus) n. ribu ngiiyi

reddish soil n. dilan/kiidi-dilan 

 

Redflower Ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidoides) n. genda haman/halyan haman

 

reduce (size)

vca. atupa mii

vca. lamayapa mii

reflection (figure cast by a mirror) n. yalo 

 

reflection (figure cast in water) n. yasi yalo

 

refreshing adj. jojo

 

reiterate vt. luti-luti 

 

relatives and non-relatives n. ato-mi

 

relax (rest) vi. dumo

 

release (something which has been under tension)

vsuff. -be

vt. pebe

remainder 

vsuff. -khu

vsuff. -ngo

remaining residue of a rotten or decomposed thing n. yakhu

 

remember 

vt. hempa

vt. hender

vt. henge

remind vt. lupa

 

remind (something over and over again) vt. lukhan

 

remnants of unhusked rice n. amo

 

removal (of something) n. pyuniin 

 

remove vt-r. pyu

 

remove (a load) vt. balo

 

remove (soil with some levering tool) vt. hepa

 

repair  

vsuff. -ti 

vt. miiti

repeat  

vsuff. -ti

vt. miiti 

repeat (something previously said) vt. luti

 

replace vt. jogu

 

reply vt. lukur

 

reprimand vt-r. ga

 

request 

vt-r. ku

n. kuniin

request something for someone vt. kubi

 

resemble vt-r. gii 

 

resentment nphr. ahin aha

 

resentful nphr. ahin aha banii

 

reside 

vi. dadu

vi. dudu

resin n. payu

 

resin (variety) 

n. kiidi payu

n. santu payu

resin container n. payu sudu

 

resistant (material) adj. adan

resolute adj. gager

resolutely adv. gagerpa  

 

resort to an ordeal vt. dinsu

 

rest vi. dumo/domo

 

rest in lying position vi-r. gii 

 

resting area n. nyatu

 

resting area (along trails in forest) n. yasan nyatu

 

result (of doing something) vsuff. -jo

 

retaliate vsuff. -li

 

retort vt. lukur

 

return

vi. akur

vsuff. -kur

n. aniin

return (from paddy fields) vcn. aji ine a

 

return vi. akur

 

return

n. aniin

n. akuniin 

revenge n. bodla* laniin

 

reverse vt. chuku

 

reversed adj. chuku

 

revolve 

vi-r. jir/ji 

vt. parhii

reward (for doing something) vsuff. -jo

 

reward for a hard work n. kiiran-ranjo

Rhadinophis prasina n. biishan/biihan/bushan tabu/tabu-bushan

Rhino beetle n. toro

Rhino beetle horn n. toro arii

rib n. akhii alo

 

rhizome (of a bamboo) n. liima

 

rice (general, as crop) n. emo

 

rice (early ripening variety)

n. pyanyi/mipya-pyani
n. pyare/mipya-pyare
n. pyatii/mipya-pyatii
n. pyapin/mipya-pyapin
n. pyapu/mipya-pyapu
n. ji pyatii
n. pyatii kobya

rice (late ripening variety) 

n. emo
n. elan/emo-elan
n. empu/emo-empu
n. enkhe/emo-enkhe
n. rade emo
n. misan emo/mishan emo

rice (as crop or plant) n. endi

 

rice (as grain or crop quantity) n. amu

 

rice (set apart for pounding) n. du 

 

rice (unhusked, uncooked) n. emo

 

rice (meant to be unhusked) n. diilo

 

rice (fermented) n. pona

 

rice (infertile, failed)  

n. asu
n. ensu

rice (husked, uncooked)  

n. embin
n. panyi

rice (husked, cooked) n. apin

 

rice (given by the bride's parents to the groom's family before marriage) n. ari rutu

 

rice beer n. o

 

rice beer (strong) n. pore o

 

rice field (irrigated)

n. aji

class. gar-

rice field (adjacent, downslope) n. garpii

 

rice field (located in close proximity to the village dwellings) n. lengo aji

 

rice field (located far away from the village dwellings) n. jabyo aji

 

rice field (lowermost of a person's fields) n. garko

 

rice field (adjacent, upslope) n. garpii

 

rice field (uppermost of a person's fields) n. gardin

 

rice flake n. chanta 

 

rice flowering stage n. lamu-lange

 

rice grain n. enbo

 

rice harvest n. entii

 

rice husk

n. empii

n. piinan

rice  husking

n. diilo huniin

n. du huniin

rice porridge n. pila

 

rice powder n. yatan

 

rice seed n. eli (Ha, Bu)/ili (Hi)

 

rice sprout n. eni 

 

rice stalk n. enkho 

 

rice stalk base (that remains in the field after harvesting) n. eran  

 

rice storage container n. embin khanchu

 

rice threshing  n. emo daniin

 

rice threshing (by trodding underfoot) n. emo neniin

 

rice winnowing n. emo heniin

 

rich n. mingo

 

rid vsuff. -pa

 

ridiculous vi. ngarnan 

 

ridge n. yorgan

ridge pole n. malo abu 

 

right (side, direction) adj. labi

 

right ear n. rubi yaru

 

right hand n. labi ala

 

right leg/foot n. liibi ali 

 

rigid (unyielding) adj. tunblun

 

rim 

n. delo

n. riigan

ring n. lachan

 

ripe adj. armin

 

rise vi. barcha

 

rise (sun) vi. cha

 

risible vi. ngarnan 

 

ritual chant (variety) n. beniin

 

ritual (generic) n. chichin

ritual (variety) 

n. gyunyan

n. tigo 

ritual element of sacrificial altar (variety) 

n. age

n. apii-alyi/apu-alyi 

n. byodin

n. byokhu

n. byokhu nyampe
n. chanchu 
n. chucha
n. diinii palyo
n. giilo 
n. myole  
n. kile/kilye   
n. khonju    
n. piibii

ritual mast erected during *Myoko festival n. babo

 

ritual mast erected during *Myoko festival 

n. akha babo

n. santin babo 

ritual proscription/abstinence n. anyo 

 

river n. kiile

 

river sand n. sumu/siimu

 

riverbank n. siilyo

road n. lembo

 

roadside 

n. lenda arun

n. ali lenda

roam vi-r. gya

 

roam around 

vi. sodun

vi. sote

vi. sote-sodun

roam around to relax vi. gyahi-gyaso

 

robust (material) adj. adan

 

rock n. yalan

 

rock trap n. dare

 

Rohu (Labeo rohita) n. olyo ngiiyi

 

roll

vt-r. archi

vt-r. ba

roll across vt. babo

 

roll down

vt. bayi/bahi

vt. balo

roll from one place to another 

vt. bahii-bakhe

vt. jirhii-jirkhe 

roll lefttward vt. jichi 

 

roll over 

vt. bahii-bakhe

vt. jirhii-jirkhe 

roll rightward vt. jibi 

 

roll up vt. bacha

 

romance n. nyimun miha sosuniin

 

roof

n. aman

vt-r. man

roof battens n. nalye lyata

 

roofing beam (horizontal) n.  manpo 

 

rooftop (vertex) n. malo

 

roomy n. hoho

 

rooster n. ropo/paro-ropo

 

root  

n. liima

n. laga

roots (remaining in a paddy field) n. saran

 

rope (cane or rattan) 

n. saha/siiha (Hi)

n. yaso

rope (split bamboo) n. yamyo 

 

rope (to tie dogs) n. dula/aki dula

 

rope (to climb trees) n. liike

 

rot vi-r. ya

 

rotate 

vt. parhii

vt. parhii-pakhe

vi. parhii

vi. parhii-pakhe 

vi. harhii

vt. jirhii

vi. jirhii 

rotten 

adj. yaje

adj. yayin

rotten wood n. yasan yayin

 

rough (voice) adj. bamban/bamba

 

roughly touch someone vt. giije

 

round object n. alin 

 

round adj. jipu

 

row class.  yor-

 

rub vt-r. nyu

rub (with the finger) vt-r. ti

 

rub (with tool)  vt-r. ne

 

rub (a blade) vt-r. api/pi

 

rub off 

vt. nyupa

vt. nyupa-nyuya

rub off (with the finger)  vt. tipa

 

rub off (with tool)

vt. nekha

vt. nepa

vt. nepa-neya

rude 

adj. bahi-bala

adj. bakhe

adj. nyade

rudely adv. bakhe-bakhe

 

Rufous-necked Hornbill (Aceros nipalensis) n. piiyo

 

rug (of animal skin, used as floor covering) n. leta

 

rump (of a bird) n. kochun

 

ruin vsuff. -kho

 

run

vi-r. har

n. harniin

run (fast) vi-r. harga

 

run away 

vi. hargii

vi. harku

run away (from someone) vi. harle

 

run back vi. harkur

 

run before anyone does vi. harnu

 

run before someone vi. harnu

 

run first (before anyone else does) vi. harpyo

 

run over vi. harje

 

run the wrong way vi. hargya

 

run together

vi. harba

vi. harbin
vi. harkun 
vi. haryin

run with someone vi. harbo

 

run across vi. harbo 

 

rung (of a ladder) vi-r. haka 

 

run into each other by chance v. inko-inpe

 

rust

n. harti (Ha)

n. marlan (Bu)