fabricate vt. helin-miilin

 

face n. nyimo

 

face to face vsuff. -rii

 

face (something or someone, lying position) vt. dorii

 

face (something or someone, sitting position) vt. durii

 

face (something or someone, standing position) vt. darii

 

facial tatoo n. tiiphe

 

faeces (animal) n. ikha

 

faeces (human) n. ipa

 

fail (to do something) 

vsuff. -kha

vt. miikha

fail (to see something) vt. kakha 

 

failed (rice or rice crop) adj. ensu

 

fair (complexion, animal fur)

adj. pulu

adj. tapu

adj. yapu

adj. khapu

fall vi-r. hu

 

fall (rain) vi-r. hu

 

fall (as a shower) vi. jari

 

fall (into something) vi. huha/hua

 

fall (of tree, pole, etc.) 

vi-r. dar 

vi. daryi

fall down 

vi. giiyi

vi. teyi

fall down (by dropping) vi. huyi

 

false adj. amu

 

familiar (known) 

adj. kala-kapa

adj. kala-tapa

familiarize with vt. hennyo-miinyo

 

famine 

n. diime

n. yarii   

n. haya myokha

famous

adj. tathu-kathu

adj. kago-tago

fan palm n. toko pata*

 

far 

adj. ado

vsuff. -sa

vsuff. -te

fare

n. ajo

n. bara*

fare well vi. sangii-gyagii

 

farewell to the gods/spirits (ritual)

n. uyi aloniin

n. uyi nenniin

fart n. piidi

 

fart vi. piidi

 

fashionable (person) adj. yalu-yabya

 

fast 

adj. aga

adj. nyibya

fasten (bind tightly) vt. riiti

 

fasten (lock) vt. hepin

 

fasten (door) vt. ratin

 

fastener (necklace) n. sango tape

 

fastidious about drinking adj. tanhi-tanmi

 

fastidious about food adj. diihi-diimi

 

fat adj. jantu

 

fat and round adj. utun bulun (Hi)/tatun bulun (Bu)

 

fat (of pork) n. hulyi

 

fate n. bardin

 

father (term of address and term of reference) n. aba

 

father's brother (term of address) n. ate

 

father's brother (term of reference) n. atebo 

 

father's brother's wife (term of address) n. achi

 

father's brother's wife (term of reference) n. achibo

 

father's brother's son (older than the speaker, term of address) n. ate

 

father's brother's son (older than the speaker, term of reference) n. atebo 

 

father's brother's son (younger than the speaker, male speaking, term of address) n. anu

 

father's brother's son (younger than the speaker, male speaking, term of address) n. anu

 

father's brother's daughter (elder than the speaker, term of address) n. atabo

 

father's brother's daughter (elder than the speaker, term of reference) n. atabo

 

father's brother's daughter (younger than the speaker, male speaking, term of reference) n. barmii

 

father's brother's daughter (younger than the speaker, female speaking, term of address) n. anu

 

father's brother's daughter (younger than the speaker, female speaking, term of reference) n. anu

 

father's brother's son's wife (older than the speaker, term of address) n. achi

 

father's brother's son's wife (older than the speaker, term of reference) n. achibo

 

father's brother's son's wife (younger than the speaker, term of address) n. amii/amu 

 

father's brother's daughter's husband (term of address) n. ahu

 

father's brother's daughter's husband (term of reference) n. mabo

 

father's sister  (term of address) n. ata

 

father's sister  (term of reference) n. atabo

 

father's sister's husband (term of address) n. ahu

 

father's sister's husband (term of reference) n. mabo

 

father's sister's son (term of address) n. ya

 

father's sister's son (term of reference) n. ohobo

 

father's sister's son's wife (younger than the speaker, term of address) n. amii/amu 

 

father's sister's son's wife (younger than the speaker, term of reference) n. nyahii 

 

father's sister's daughter (older than the speaker, term of address) n. ata

 

father's sister's daughter (older than the speaker, term of reference) n. atabo

 

father's sister's daughter (younger than the speaker, term of reference) n. barmii

 

father's sister's daughter's husband (term of address) n. ahu

 

father's sister's daughter's husband (term of reference) n. mabo

 

father-in law (spouse's father, term of address) n. ato 

 

father-in law (spouse's father, term of reference) n. atobo

 

fathom class. lyen- (Ha, Bu)/lyin- (Hi)

 

fear vi. biiso

 

fearsome thing n. biiso

 

feast (given to celebrate the arrival of a newborn) n. niipo/niipo apin

 

feather n. piile

 

February n. pager piilo

 

fee n. atu

 

feeble adj. aju

 

feed (animals) vt-r. ho/oho

 

feed (esp. fowls) vt. api/apye 

 

feed (of animals) n. honiin.

 

feed (oneself) vsuff. -do

 

feed (with liquid or semi-liquid food) vt-r. asin/sin

 

feel (dizziness after drinking or smoking) vt. tankhiin

 

feel (free to come) vi. apyo

 

feel (guilty) vi. hempyo

 

feel (hot) vi. bemya

 

feel (intense heat) vi. akha-aya

 

feel (lazy) vi. liibe-labe

 

feel (nauseous) vi. banan

 

feel (sympathy for someone) vt-r. aro

 

feeling n. aha

 

feeling (down) nphr. aha kamo 

 

feeling (lazy) adj. liibe-labe  

 

feeling (nausea) nphr. aha bulun

 

feeling (uncomfortable) adj. ahi-are

 

fell (tree) vt-r. tii

 

female n. biinii

 

female 

rsuff. -nii

n:qual. nyimii

female cat n. minii/ami-minii

 

female human individual n. nyimii 

 

female in-law (of the generation preceding that of the speaker, term of address) n. ayo

 

female in-law (of the generation preceding that of the speaker, term of reference) n. ayobo 

 

female lover n. mundo

 

female pig n. alyi-lyinii

 

female section (of a traditional house) n. nyimii ingya (Hi, Ha)/nyimii dugya (Bu)

 

femur n. liiban alo

 

fence vt-r. go

 

fence/fencing (variety)

n. denii

n. narun

n. sulu

n. dibii narun

n. rungo

n. bara*

fences (general) n. narun-denii

 

ferment vi. lyikin-lyiri

 

fermentation starter n. ipo/ipyo

 

fermentation starter (new) n. ipo-poli/ipyo-pyoli

 

fermented bamboo shoot 

n. hi

n. hikhu

n. hirin

n. hiyi

fermented rice n. pona

 

fern (general) n. tari

 

fern (edible) n. hiika haman

 

fern (variety)

n. bari (Angiopteris evecta)

n. milo riiji (Diplazium esculentum)

n. takho (Dicranopteris linearis)

fern bangle (for children) n. takho gakhe

 

Ferret Badger (Melogale sp.) n. siinyi

 

ferry vt. rebo

 

fertile suff. -bu

 

fertile (plot of land) adj. barbu

 

fertile soil/earth/ground n. dibu/kiidi-dibu 

 

fertilize (add nutriments to a plant) 

vt. abu-ake

vt. abu-aga

festivals n. ditun-potun

 

fetch (liquid) vt-r. ha

 

fetch (firewood) vt-r. lyo

 

fetch (tree)

vt. bate

vt. giite

fever n. doli

 

feverish vcn. doli achi

fewer adj. icheya 

fibula n. liipya alo

 

fiddlehead (fern) n. hiika haman

 

field (for rice) n. aji

 

field (adjacent, downslope) n. garpii

 

field (adjacent, upslope) n. garta 

 

field (lowermost of someone's fields) n. garko

 

field (uppermost of someone's fields) n. gardin 

  

fifteen n:num. halyan hela ya'ngo/alyan he ngo

 

fifth lunar month n. enda piilo

 

fifty n:num. alyan ya'ngo 

 

fight n. gambyo/gambu

 

fight 

vt-r. pa

vt. paka

vt. pasu 

vt. pasu-gasu

vt. parii

vsuff. -ya

fight a battle vt. nyibo pasu

fight about vt. miiya

 

fighter n. pasunii

 

figure (reflection cast by the sun or by a mirror) n. yalo

 

figure (reflection cast in water) n. yasi-yalo

 

fill (a hole with soil) vt. abyun

 

fill (liquid) vt-r. hi

 

filter (liquid) vt-r. len 

 

filter (bamboo made) n. sader 

 

filter (for rice) n. hurta/apin hurta

 

filter (for beer) n. o sader

 

filtered liquid (obtained from ashes of crops and certain ferns) n. pila

 

filtering n. lenniin

 

filth n. kacho tanii

 

filth (accumulated on the hands during the cold season) n. lakhiin

 

filtrage n. lenniin

 

fin n. ale/ngiiyi ale  

 

find vt. kapa

 

find (by chance) vt-r. pa

 

find out (by seeing) vt. kapa

 

fine (customary) n. dapo

 

fine (not coarse) adj. amu

 

finger n. lachi

 

finger knuckle n. lachi paban

 

finger nail n. lahin

 

finger ring n. lachan

 

finger width 

class. ha- 

class. tin- 

fingertip n. lachi mitu

 

fingered millet (Eleusine coracana) n. sarse

 

finish vt-r. lu

 

finish (doing something)

vsuff. -ja

vsuff. -me

vsuff. -me...-ja

vsuff. -thii

vt. miija

vt. miime

vt. miime-miija

finish off

vsuff. -kha

finish (one's food) vt. diira

 

finish (the binding of something) vt. abyun

 

finished vsuff. -nya 

 

fire n. yamu

 

fire accident (large scale) n. muchu (Ha)/miichu (Hi)/myuchu (Bu)

 

firefly n. tahu yamu/tau yamu

 

fireplace

n. miigo/yamu miigo

n. ugu

fireplace (primary) n. ago ugu

 

fireplace (secondary) n. ura ugu

 

fireplace border n. piirii

 

fireplace shelving complex n. dareke

 

firewood (raw) n. yasan

 

firewood (half-burnt) n. mutu/yamu mutu

 

firewood bamboo) n. saro

 

firm 

adj. aler

vi. khankhan

first adj. kapyo

 

first (before anyone else does) vsuff. -pyo

 

first (before some other action) vsuff. -ranso

 

first lunar month of the year n. murun piilo/murun

 

first time vsuff. -tu

 

firstly

 

fish n. ngiiyi

 

fish (dried) n. ngiiyi sankho

 

fish (variety)

n. ngiilyan

n. ngiime 

n. ngiira

n. kopii ngiiyi

n. lanchan ngiiyi 

n. ponyo ngiiyi

n. olyo ngiiyi 

n. papi ngiiyi

n. ribu ngiiyi/ngiiyi ribu

n. tabu ngiiyi

Fish Owl (Ketupa flaviceps) n. ngiila larii/ngula larii

 

fish pond n. siiper

 

fish scale n. ngiiyi pakhu

 

fish trap (variety)

n. tajer

n. takhun

fishbone n. ngiiyi alo

 

fist n. lapu/ala-lapu

 

five 

n:num. yango
num-r. -ngo/-ngoye

five times n. u'ngo/u'ngohe

 

fix

vsuff. -ge
vt. miige

fix (two things together by gluing) vt. gedin

 

flame n. miilyo/yamu miilyo/yamu mulyo

 

flap vt. lebe 

flash vi. kiibyo

 

flashy (showy) adj. lyolichochi

 

flat  

adj. nulyan  

adj. jeme 

adj. mata/meta

flat (large surface) 

adj. halyan 

adj. hapa

flatten 

vsuff. -ta

vt. jeta
vt. miita

vt. sapi

flatten (by beating) vt. danta

 

flatten (underfoot) vt. nyata

 

flattened

adj. jeme 

adj. jeta

flattened object n.  pata

 

flatter 

vsuff. -lyo...-cho
vt. anyo 

vt. miilyo-miicho

vt.  talyi

flavourless adj.  sarsii

 

flea (dog) n.  aki tiikhe

 

flesh n.  aya

 

fletches (on arrow tails) n. murto/morto

 

flint 

n. takolaro

n. yami parge-nanii

flip vt-r. byar

 

flirt vt. soka

 

flirt n. sokaniin

 

flittingly adv. miiri-miiri

 

float

vi-r. pu/pii
vi. pucha

floating plant (general) n. tapan

 

flock (of animals) class. ton-

 

flooring  

n. myokha
n. myopii

flour (rice) n. yatan

 

flow vi-r. bi

 

flow (across) vi. bipe

 

flow (in) vi. lyanga

 

flow (in upward direction) vi. lyancha

 

flow (out) vi. bilin

 

flower 

n. apu

vi. pulin/apu-pulin

flower (bamboo) vi-r. len

 

fluent (speech) adj. dider

 

fluid n. ala

 

fluid (from body) n. api/api ala

 

flute n. elu

 

flutter (eyelashes) vt. mibe-mibe

 

fly (generic) n. tami

 

fly (variety)

n. joju

n. ipa tami

fly vt-r. go

 

flying squirrel (variety)

n. siibyo

n. siichi

foal n. gora atu

 

fodder 

n. hiisan

n. niisan-niiman 

n. niisin-niisan-niiman

fog 

n. hapin tagyan

n. murpa sai

fold

vsuff. -ki

vt. tuki

fold (paper, cloth) vt. perki (Ha, Hi)/pyerki/pyarki (Bu)

 

fold (so as to give a cylindrical shape) vt. karki (Hi)/kibu (Bu)

 

fold (so as the two ends join or overlap) vt. perpo (Ha, Hi)/pyerpo/pyarpo (Bu)

 

follow (someone) vt. miijomon

 

follow (someone stealthily)  

vt-r. su

vt-r. ro 

follow (by walking) vt. injomon

 

fondle vt. hika

 

food

n. ake

n. diigo

n. diigo-tango

n. diiniin

food (cuisine) n. diinan-tanannii 

 

food (for pigs) n. lyido/alyi-lyido

 

food (taken along with beer) n. diipyo-tanso

 

food leftovers n. dii'ngo

 

fool n. piicha

 

foolish adj. piicha

 

foolishness (nonsense) n. rungyaniin/runniin

 

foot n. ali

 

foot (left) n. liichi-ali 

 

foot (right) n. liibi-ali

 

foot step 

n. chakor

class. da-

footpath n. more lenda

 

footprint 

n. lalin

n. liiyi

for (the purpose of) 

post. pa

post.+conj. pa la

post. hopa

for (the first time) vsuff. -tu

 

for (the time being) 

vsuff. -lya

adv. artahe pa

for real vsuff. -je

 

for what pron.+post. nii...pa

 

for where pron.+post. no hopa

 

for which pron.+post. nii...hopa

 

for whom  pron. hupa

 

for you (single) pron. niipa 

 

for you (dual) pron. niinyipa

 

for you (plural) pron. nunupa

 

force (someone to do something) vt. khelii

 

forcefully vsuff. -khe

 

forcibly vsuff. -khe 

 

forearm n. lasin

 

forearm span n. ladu

 

forefather  

n. aba-apa

n. aba-bankun

forefathers n. aba-apa atan

 

forefinger n. ladii 

 

forehead n. tiirii  

 

forehead (of cattle) n. tute

 

foreigner n. nyibo

 

foreign place/country n. nyibo ganda 

 

forelimb (of animals) n. ala

 

foremost adv. kapyoja ho

 

foresee (divine) vt. miyu ka

 

forest n. more

 

forest (privately owned) nphr. pimbu more

 

forested area (in the vicinity of the village) n. myogo

 

forested area (far or deep) n. myora

 

forested area (deepest) n. myobu  

 

forested areas n. sanii-sanko

 

forest bug (green) n. uyi atu

 

Forest Eagle-owl  n. ngiila-larii/ngula-larii

 

forest land (jointly held by all members of a clan) n. halu more

 

forest plantations (general) n. sadi-sapa/sali-sapa

 

forests (general) n. more-sansu 

 

forge vt-r. phu/suphu phu

 

forget

vt. helyu

vcn. aha ahii/ahii

forget (to include) vsuff. -go

 

forgive vt. helo

 

forgiveness n. helonii    

 

forked bamboo n. tarkho 

Forktailed Swift (Apus pacificus) n. piirii

 

formerly adv. bilo

 

fortune n.  abur-aro

 

foul-smelling adj. nenkhu

 

four 

n:num. piilye

num-r. -pii/-pe

four days hence adv. riikhiida

 

four times n:num. upii/uphe

 

fourteen n:num. halyan hela piilye/alyan le pe

 

fourth lunar month n. halyin piilo

 

fourty n:num. alyan piilye

 

fowl 

n. paro

class. -ro

fox n. tali/yali

fragile adj. arin  

 

fragile (position) adj. miiku

 

fragrant adj. neli 

 

frail adj. iju (Hi)/koju (Bu)

 

frame (of a bamboo sliding door) n. chipii/alye chipii

 

frank 

adj. amin-ajan

adj. hemin-hejan

adj. lotii 

frank and open adj. niitiisiirii

 

fraud n. toganiin

 

freckle n. tasii

 

free (not busy) adj. hapun

 

free (from worry)

adj. daser

adj. henser 

French bean n. man perun/man peron

 

frequent adj. kiiran

 

frequently adv. kiirampa

fresh (not spoiled) adj. lela

 

friend n. ajin

 

friend (ceremonial)

n. bunii ajin

n. gyatu ajin/gyotu ajin

n. punyan ajin/piinyan ajin

n. manyan/baro manyan   

n. khiibo ajin

friend (intimate) n. ajin aran

friendly adj. luji

friends n. ajin atan

friends (who sleep together) n. doyi ajin

frighten

vsuff. -lun

vt. miilun

vt. mulu

frighten (birds away) vt. piidi miilun

frighten (someone verbally) vt. lulun

frighten (someone by one's acts) vt. miilun

frightened adj. biiso 

fritter (away) vt. miibi

frog n. tatii

 

frog (variety) 

n. aji tatii

n. tohan tatii

n. miido tatii

n. yanii tatii

n. halyan tatii

frog's call/croak (sound of)  onom. koro-koro 

 

from 

post. kii

post. hokii

from (far) vsuff. -sa

 

from (here) post. sokii 

 

from (that time) post. hokiija

 

from (the middle of something) vsuff. -po

 

from where pron.+post. no hokii

 

from which place pron.+post. nii...hokii

 

front (door) n. byago alye

 

front (side of a house) n. empun

 

front (space of the house, from the entrance door to the main hearth)  n. ago empun

 

front (veranda) n. byago

 

frontside n. hata

 

frown n. nyabe

 

frown (at someone) vcn. nyabe bi/nyabe bekin

 

fructify vi. hilin

 

frugally vsuff. -jo...-myo

 

fruit 

n. ahi

vt-r. hi

fruit bud n. ani

 

fruitless (land)

adj. asu-asa

adj. chankha-dikha

fry

vt-r. phar

vt-r. khe

vt-r. khen

frying

n. pharniin

n. kheniin

n. khenniin

frying pan/pot n. chanko

 

full adj. pote

 

full (of something) 

n:qual. riibe

n:qual. rudu

full (moon) adj. harbyan

 

full of weeds adj. biiyo

 

fully grown adj. santer

 

fully grown (plants) adj. sambyan

 

fumigation (of paddy against rodents) n. iirii/kubu iirii

 

funeral chant n. siima kheniin

 

fur n. amu

 

furuncle n. huli

 

future n. asaniin